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Overview: The Cholas Video Lecture | Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests)

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1. Who were the Cholas and what was their significance in ancient India?

Ans. The Cholas were a dynasty that ruled over a significant part of South India during the medieval period. They were known for their maritime and military prowess and played a crucial role in shaping the political and cultural landscape of ancient India. The Cholas also made significant advancements in art, architecture, and literature.

2. What were the major achievements of the Chola dynasty?

Ans. The Chola dynasty is known for its remarkable achievements in various fields. Some of their major accomplishments include the establishment of a strong naval force, extensive trade networks, efficient administration, construction of magnificent temples like the Brihadeeswara temple, and patronage of art and literature. They also expanded their empire to include parts of Sri Lanka and the Maldives.

3. How did the Cholas contribute to the development of Indian art and architecture?

Ans. The Cholas made significant contributions to Indian art and architecture. They built numerous temples with intricate carvings and sculptures, showcasing their architectural prowess. The Brihadeeswara temple in Thanjavur is a prime example of their architectural excellence. They also patronized artists and artisans, leading to the development of unique Chola-style bronze sculptures and exquisite paintings.

4. What was the role of the Cholas in maritime trade?

Ans. The Cholas played a crucial role in maritime trade during their reign. They established a powerful navy that protected their trade routes and controlled the seas. They had extensive trade networks with Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. The Cholas imported goods like spices, silk, and precious metals, and exported textiles, pottery, and other products. Their maritime trade brought prosperity to their kingdom and facilitated cultural exchange.

5. How did the decline of the Chola dynasty occur?

Ans. The decline of the Chola dynasty can be attributed to several factors. Internal conflicts, weak successors, and invasions by other kingdoms weakened their empire. The Pandyas and the Hoysalas challenged Chola authority, leading to territorial losses. Additionally, the emergence of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mongol invasions further impacted their power. By the 13th century, the Chola dynasty had significantly declined, marking the end of their reign.

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