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| 1. What are the major milestones in the development of science and technology in India? |  |
Ans. India has a rich history of scientific and technological advancements. Key milestones include the establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) in the 1950s, which have become premier engineering institutions. The launch of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969 marked a significant step in space technology, leading to successful missions like the Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan. Additionally, the development of the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) and the notable achievements in biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors have further highlighted India's progress in science and technology.
| 2. How has India's space program influenced global space research? | |
Ans. India's space program, spearheaded by ISRO, has significantly contributed to global space research through cost-effective satellite launches, such as the Mars Orbiter Mission, which demonstrated India's capability to conduct interplanetary missions at a fraction of the cost of other nations. Collaborative projects with various countries, including satellite launches and joint research, have positioned India as a key player in the international space community, promoting knowledge sharing and technological advancements.
| 3. What role does biotechnology play in India's economy? | |
Ans. Biotechnology is a crucial sector in India's economy, contributing to advancements in agriculture, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. The development of genetically modified crops has helped improve food security, while innovations in pharmaceuticals have made India a global hub for generic drug manufacturing. The government's support through initiatives like the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) has fostered research and development, leading to increased investments and job creation in the biotech sector.
| 4. What are the key policies implemented to promote research and development in science and technology in India? | |
Ans. The Indian government has implemented several policies to enhance research and development (R&D) in science and technology. The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy aims to create a conducive environment for innovation and collaboration between academia and industry. Initiatives like the Atal Innovation Mission promote entrepreneurship and support startups in technology sectors. The National Research Foundation is also being established to fund and facilitate research across various disciplines, ensuring that India remains competitive in the global scientific landscape.
| 5. How does India address the challenges in the field of science and technology? | |
Ans. India faces several challenges in science and technology, including funding, infrastructure, and brain drain. To tackle these, the government has increased investment in R&D and improved the infrastructure of research institutions. Programs aimed at retaining talent, such as fellowships and grants for researchers, are being implemented. Additionally, initiatives that encourage public-private partnerships are being promoted to foster innovation and ensure that scientific advancements translate into societal benefits.
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