India's fight for independence was filled with bravery and selflessness. Before Mahatma Gandhi became involved in politics, the struggle for freedom lacked organisation. Gandhi's arrival marked a turning point, shaping the Indian freedom movement into a more coordinated effort. Let us learn the story of how Gandhi’s actions and ideas helped India become free from British rule.
Class 5 Exam > Class 5 Notes > Social Studies for Class 5 > Chapter Notes: India Wins Freedom
India Wins Freedom Class 5 Notes SST
Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi
- Gandhi studied law in England and then went to South Africa to practice it.
- He saw unfair treatment based on race in South Africa and spoke out against it. His efforts led to the British accepting his demands for racial equality.
- Gandhi came to India in 1915 and travelled across the country to learn about its issues.
- He was troubled by the unequal treatment of Indians and social problems like the caste system.
Sabarmati Ashram - He aimed to unite people and encourage them to join the fight for freedom.
- In 1915, he established the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad. He promoted the use of khadi (handmade cloth) and the spinning wheel.
- Gandhi worked to help the untouchables, whom he called 'Harijans' or 'children of God.' He advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and opposed alcoholism and the mistreatment of women.
- Gandhi also cared deeply about animal welfare and was against cow slaughter.
Question for Chapter Notes: India Wins FreedomTry yourself: What did Mahatma Gandhi establish in Ahmedabad in 1915?View Solution
Satyagraha
- Mahatma Gandhi was a firm believer in Satyagraha, which means standing up for truth.
- The word Satyagraha is made up of two parts: "satya," which means truth, and "agrah," which means insistence or firmness.
- Gandhi used Satyagraha as a powerful tool to fight for justice and the rights of the Indian people.
- He believed that by relying on the strength of truth and nonviolence, known as ahimsa, he could persuade the British to leave India.
Champaran Campaign
- Mahatma Gandhi started his political work with the Champaran campaign.
- He wanted to help the indigo farmers who were treated unfairly by the British planters in Bihar.
- The Champaran Satyagraha was Gandhi's first Civil Disobedience Movement in India.
Indigo Farmers - The farmers had problems with the Tinkathiya system forced upon them by the British.
- Under this system, farmers had to use one-third of their land to grow indigo, leaving less space for food crops.
- Gandhi protested against this unfair system using Satyagraha.
- His protest had a strong impact, and the government had to agree to the farmers' demands.
- This victory marked Gandhi's first successful battle in his fight for justice.
Importance of the Champaran Campaign
The Champaran campaign was a vital part of India's freedom struggle. It brought attention to the hardships faced by farmers and showed how effective non-violent protest could be in bringing about change.
Question for Chapter Notes: India Wins FreedomTry yourself: Who was the president of the Indian National Congress meeting held in Lahore in December 1929?View Solution
Rowlatt Act
- The Rowlatt Act in 1919 gave the government the power to arrest people without a trial.
- People all over India protested against this unfair law through demonstrations and meetings.
- On April 13, 1919, a big meeting happened in a park called Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.
- Thousands of people, including women and kids, gathered there to protest the arrest of Indian leaders.
Jallianwala Bagh - Suddenly, about 150 British soldiers led by General Dyer entered the park and blocked the only exit.
- Without warning, General Dyer ordered his soldiers to shoot at the unarmed crowd.
- Many innocent men, women, and children were killed in this brutal attack.
- This terrible event shocked the entire country and is considered one of the worst crimes by the British government in modern history.
Non-Cooperation Movement
- After the Jallianwalla Bagh tragedy, Gandhi wanted a peaceful way to protest British rule.
- The Congress agreed and passed a resolution for the non-cooperation movement in 1920.
- Gandhi asked people to stop cooperating with British institutions like schools, courts, and goods.
- British titles were rejected, and people like Tagore and Iyer gave up their honours.
- The Congress didn't take part in council elections, and people protested by hartals and burning foreign goods.
Bihar Vidyapeeth - Students and teachers left British schools and joined Indian ones like Bihar Vidyapeeth and Jamia Millia Islamia.
- Many Indian lawyers and government workers quit their jobs to support the movement.
- The whole movement was peaceful, but a violent incident at Chauri-Chaura made Gandhi stop it.
- Despite disagreements, Gandhi believed in non-violence and stopped the movement.
- Many young leaders like Nehru, Patel, and Bose became active in politics during this time.
Question for Chapter Notes: India Wins FreedomTry yourself: Why did the Congress and Indian people boycott the Simon Commission?View Solution
Simon Commission
- The British Government formed the Simon Commission in November 1927 to fix problems with law and order in India.
- The Commission was made up entirely of British members.
- Because of this, the Congress and the Indian people decided to boycott it.
Lala Lajpat Rai - They didn't agree with a group of all British people making decisions for India.
- During a peaceful protest against the Simon Commission, Lala Lajpat Rai was badly hurt in a clash with British police.
- Sadly, he passed away not long after from his injuries.
Lahore Session
- In December 1929, a meeting of the Indian National Congress took place in Lahore.
- Jawaharlal Nehru was the president of this meeting.
- They all agreed that India should aim for complete independence, called Poorna Swaraj.
Jawaharlal Nehru - On December 31, 1929, Nehru raised the tricoloured flag near the river Ravi to show this goal.
- The leaders asked people to stop following British rules.
- This meeting in Lahore is very important in our fight for freedom.
- They also decided to start the Civil Disobedience Movement under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership.
Civil Disobedience Movement
- Gandhiji began the Civil Disobedience Movement with a famous march called the Dandi march.
- The British had made a law saying no one could collect salt from the sea without permission.
- Gandhiji and 78 followers walked from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi village in Gujarat, covering 385 kilometres.
- They reached Dandi on April 6, 1930, where Gandhiji made salt himself, breaking the Salt Law.
C. Rajagopalachari - Many leaders from different parts of India joined this movement, including Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Rani Gaidinliu, and C. Rajagopalachari.
- This movement became a big Civil Disobedience Movement across the nation, with active participation from women too.
- It continued until 1934 and put pressure on the British government.
- The British introduced the Government of India Act in 1935, which allowed more Indian participation in administration.
- However, Indians were still not satisfied because most powers remained with the British, and they just wanted the British to leave India.
Question for Chapter Notes: India Wins FreedomTry yourself: Who established the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad?View Solution
Quit India Movement
- World War II started in 1939, and the British wanted India to join without asking Indian leaders.
- By 1942, the war got really serious, and Indians demanded freedom.
- On August 8, 1942, at a meeting in Bombay, the Congress passed a resolution called the Quit India Resolution.
Sardar Vallabhai Patel - In this, Mahatma Gandhi asked the British to leave India and told his people to ‘Do or Die’ for independence.
- On August 9, 1942, the British arrested many leaders like Gandhi, Nehru, and Patel, which caused violence all over the country.
Azad Hind Fauj
- In 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose created the Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauj to fight against the British.
- Bose wanted to free India from British rule using force.
Subash Chandra Bose - He was called Netaji, and he gave the slogans 'Jai Hind' and 'Dilli Chalo' to inspire the Indian people.
- The Azad Hind Fauj was formed in Japan by Indian prisoners who were captured by the Japanese during World War II.
- General Mohan Singh and Rash Behari Bose helped form this army to fight for India's freedom.
India's Independence
- After World War II, the British lost a lot of power.
- The political struggle in India became very intense.
- The British realised they couldn't control India anymore.
- British Prime Minister Clement Attlee had to give India independence.
Clement Attlee - Mohammad Ali Jinnah from the Muslim League asked for a separate country called Pakistan.
- Lord Mountbatten, the Viceroy of India, helped with India's partition.
- Finally, both Congress and the Muslim League agreed to India's partition.
- Pakistan was born on August 14, 1947, and India became independent on August 15, 1947.
- Dr Rajendra Prasad became the first President of independent India, and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister.
The document India Wins Freedom Class 5 Notes SST is a part of the Class 5 Course Social Studies for Class 5.
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FAQs on India Wins Freedom Class 5 Notes SST
| 1. महात्मा गांधी का आगमन भारत में कब हुआ था और उनकी भूमिका क्या थी? |  |
Ans. महात्मा गांधी का आगमन भारत में 1915 में हुआ। उन्होंने भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई और सत्याग्रह के सिद्धांत को अपनाते हुए अहिंसक विरोध के माध्यम से ब्रिटिश शासन के खिलाफ लोगों को संगठित किया।
| 2. सत्याग्रह का क्या अर्थ है और इसे किस प्रकार लागू किया गया था? | |
Ans. सत्याग्रह का अर्थ है "सत्य के लिए संघर्ष"। इसे महात्मा गांधी ने अहिंसक तरीके से विरोध करने के लिए विकसित किया। यह विशेष रूप से ब्रिटिश शासन के अन्याय के खिलाफ नागरिकों द्वारा किए गए अहिंसक आंदोलनों में लागू किया गया था, जैसे कि चंपारण सत्याग्रह।
| 3. चंपारण अभियान का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या था? | |
Ans. चंपारण अभियान का मुख्य उद्देश्य बुनकर किसानों के अधिकारों की रक्षा करना था, जो नीली फसल की खेती के लिए मजबूर किए जा रहे थे। महात्मा गांधी ने इस आंदोलन के जरिए किसानों की समस्याओं को उजागर किया और उन्हें अपनी मांगों के लिए संगठित किया।
| 4. रॉलेट एक्ट के प्रभाव क्या थे और इसे क्यों लागू किया गया था? | |
Ans. रॉलेट एक्ट 1919 में लागू किया गया था, जिसका उद्देश्य भारतीयों पर सख्त नियंत्रण स्थापित करना था। इसके तहत बिना मुकदमे के गिरफ्तारी और स्वतंत्रता पर प्रतिबंध लगाया गया। इसके विरोध में भारतीयों ने व्यापक प्रदर्शन किए, जिससे स्वतंत्रता संग्राम की लहर और तेज हो गई।
| 5. भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन का क्या महत्व था? | |
Ans. भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन 1942 में शुरू हुआ और इसका उद्देश्य ब्रिटिश शासन से पूर्ण स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त करना था। महात्मा गांधी के नेतृत्व में लोगों ने "करो या मरो" का नारा दिया। यह आंदोलन भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम का एक महत्वपूर्ण मोड़ था, जिसने देशभर में जन जागरूकता और विद्रोह को बढ़ावा दिया।
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