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Power Factor in an AC Circuit Video Lecture | Network Theory (Electric Circuits) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
FAQs on Power Factor in an AC Circuit Video Lecture - Network Theory (Electric Circuits) - Electrical Engineering (EE)
| 1. What is power factor in an AC circuit? |  |
Ans. Power factor is a measure of how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work output in an AC (alternating current) circuit. It is defined as the ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes). A power factor of 1 (or 100%) indicates that all the power is being effectively converted into work, while a lower power factor indicates inefficiency.
| 2. Why is power factor important in electrical systems? | |
Ans. Power factor is important because it affects the efficiency of the electrical system. A low power factor can lead to increased energy costs, as utility companies may impose penalties for low power factor usage. Additionally, a low power factor can result in higher losses in electrical distribution systems and can require larger conductors and transformers to handle the increased apparent power.
| 3. How can power factor be improved in an AC circuit? | |
Ans. Power factor can be improved by using power factor correction methods, such as installing capacitors or synchronous condensers in the circuit. These devices help to offset the inductive effects of loads (like motors and transformers), thus improving the power factor by bringing it closer to 1. Additionally, optimizing the load distribution and using more efficient electrical equipment can also help improve power factor.
| 4. What are the different types of power factor? | |
Ans. There are mainly three types of power factor:
1. <b>Lagging Power Factor</b>: Occurs when the current lags behind the voltage (typical in inductive loads).
2. <b>Leading Power Factor</b>: Occurs when the current leads the voltage (typical in capacitive loads).
3. <b>Unity Power Factor</b>: This is when the current and voltage are in phase, meaning the power factor is equal to 1, indicating all power is being effectively used.
| 5. How is power factor calculated? | |
Ans. Power factor is calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Power Factor} = \frac{\text{Real Power (P)}}{\text{Apparent Power (S)}} \]
where Real Power (P) is measured in watts (W), and Apparent Power (S) is measured in volt-amperes (VA). It can also be expressed in terms of phase angle (φ) between the current and voltage:
\[ \text{Power Factor} = \cos(φ) \]
This means that the power factor can be determined by measuring the phase difference between voltage and current in the circuit.
About this Video
Sep 04, 2025
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