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Nitration: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Video Lecture | Chemistry Class 12 - NEET
FAQs on Nitration: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Video Lecture - Chemistry Class 12 - NEET
| 1. What is nitration in electrophilic aromatic substitution? |  |
Ans. Nitration is a chemical process in electrophilic aromatic substitution where a nitro group (-NO2) is introduced into an aromatic compound. It involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring with a nitro group, usually using a mixture of nitric acid and a strong acid catalyst.
| 2. How does electrophilic aromatic substitution occur in nitration? | |
Ans. In nitration, electrophilic aromatic substitution occurs when the nitronium ion (NO2+) acts as the electrophile and attacks the electron-rich aromatic ring. The nitronium ion is generated in situ by the reaction of nitric acid with a strong acid catalyst. The electrophilic attack leads to the formation of a sigma complex, which subsequently undergoes rearrangement to yield the nitro compound.
| 3. What are the conditions required for nitration to occur? | |
Ans. Nitration requires specific conditions to occur successfully. These conditions include the use of a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction is typically carried out at low temperatures to control the extent of the reaction and minimize side reactions.
| 4. What are the applications of nitration in organic synthesis? | |
Ans. Nitration plays a crucial role in organic synthesis as it allows for the introduction of a nitro group into aromatic compounds. Nitro compounds are versatile intermediates that can be further transformed into various functional groups, such as amines, carbonyl compounds, and halides. These compounds find applications in pharmaceuticals, dyes, explosives, and agrochemicals.
| 5. What are the potential hazards associated with nitration reactions? | |
Ans. Nitration reactions can be hazardous due to the use of strong acids and the production of potentially explosive nitro compounds. The reactants and products involved in nitration are often toxic, corrosive, and can cause severe burns. It is important to handle these reactions with caution, ensuring proper safety measures, such as using protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area.
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