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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - Eighteenth Century Political Formations

Q1: State whether true or false:
(a) Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.

Ans: False

Nadir Shah did not invade Bengal.

(b) Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
Ans: False

Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Amber. Indore was ruled by the Holkar dynasty. Jai Singh is known for founding Jaipur and establishing astronomical observatories.

(c) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
Ans: True

(d) Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century.
Ans: True


Q2: How were the Sikhs organised in the eighteenth century?
Ans:
(i) The Sikhs organised themselves into a number of bands called jathas, and later on, misls under a number of able leaders.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - Eighteenth Century Political Formations

(ii) The combined forces of Sikhs known as the grand army (dal Khalsa) used to meet at Amritsar at the time of Baisakhi and Diwali to take collective decisions.
(iii) A system called rakhi was introduced, offering protection to farmers in exchange for a 20% tax on their produce.
(iv) Guru Gobind Singh had inspired the Khalsa with the belief that their destiny was to rule.

Q3: Why did the Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan?
Ans: (i) Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan as expansion brought enormous resources.
(ii) The domination made to pay tribute as a way of accepting Maratha sovereignty.
(iii) Military campaigns also made other rulers hostile towards the Marathas.(iv) The Marathas developed an effective administrative system by endless military campaigns.NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - Eighteenth Century Political Formations
Q4: Do you think merchants and bankers today have the kind of influence they had in the eighteenth century?
Ans:  Today, the influence of merchants and bankers is not comparable to what it was in the eighteenth century. Key differences include:

  • The rise of democracy has transformed power dynamics.
  • Market prices and revenue sharing are now regulated by authorities elected by the public.
  • In the 18th century, merchants and bankers had more direct control over economic matters.

Overall, the landscape of influence has shifted significantly since then.


Q5: Did any of the kingdoms mentioned in this chapter develop in your state? If so, in what ways do you think life in the state would have been different in the eighteenth century from what it is in the twenty-first century?
Ans: One example:

  • Hyderabad (now in Andhra Pradesh)
  • Today, it is a democracy with the right to vote, freedom of speech, and a well-organised judiciary.
  • Citizens are guaranteed certain fundamental rights.
  • There is no dictatorship.
The document NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - Eighteenth Century Political Formations is a part of the Class 7 Course Social Studies (SST) Class 7 (Old NCERT).
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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science - Eighteenth Century Political Formations

1. What were the main political formations in the eighteenth century in India?
Ans. The eighteenth century in India saw the rise of various political formations, including regional kingdoms like the Marathas, Sikhs, and Nawabs of Bengal and Awadh. The decline of the Mughal Empire led to power vacuums that these regional powers sought to fill, resulting in a fragmented political landscape characterized by both collaboration and conflict among these emerging states.
2. How did the decline of the Mughal Empire impact political dynamics in the eighteenth century?
Ans. The decline of the Mughal Empire in the eighteenth century created a power vacuum that allowed regional powers to assert their independence and influence. This fragmentation led to the rise of local rulers and new political entities, which often competed for control over territories and resources. The weakened central authority also facilitated the entry of European powers, particularly the British and French, who capitalized on the instability to expand their influence.
3. What role did the Marathas play in the political landscape of the eighteenth century?
Ans. The Marathas emerged as a dominant political force during the eighteenth century, expanding their territory across much of India. They established a confederacy of states that challenged both Mughal authority and European colonial powers. The Marathas played a crucial role in resisting foreign invasions and maintaining a sense of regional identity, significantly shaping the political dynamics of the time.
4. Who were the significant regional powers in the eighteenth century, and what were their contributions?
Ans. Significant regional powers in the eighteenth century included the Marathas, Sikhs, and various Nawabs such as those in Bengal and Awadh. Each of these powers contributed to the political landscape by establishing their own governance structures, engaging in military campaigns, and fostering trade. Their efforts not only affected local politics but also influenced the broader struggle against colonialism as they sought to maintain sovereignty over their territories.
5. How did the European powers influence the political formations in eighteenth-century India?
Ans. European powers, particularly the British and the French, influenced the political formations in eighteenth-century India by exploiting the divisions among local rulers. They formed alliances and engaged in wars, such as the Carnatic Wars and the Anglo-Maratha Wars, to expand their territories and control trade routes. Their involvement significantly altered the political landscape, leading to the eventual establishment of British colonial rule in India.
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