What phenomenon occurs when electrons are transferred between materials, resulting in a separation of charges?

Static electricity occurs when electrons are transferred between materials, creating a separation of positive and negative charges.

Fill in the blank: Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod to protect buildings from ___ strikes.

Lightning

True or False: An atom is electrically neutral when it has more protons than electrons.

False. An atom is electrically neutral when the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Riddle: I can make your hair stand up and create sparks in the dark, yet I can be generated by simply walking on a carpet. What am I?

Static electricity

In the 18th century, what type of machines did scientists build to study static electricity?

Scientists built machines to produce sparks and experimented with static electricity.

Fill in the blank: All materials are made of atoms, which have a positively charged nucleus containing ___ and negatively charged ___ orbiting the nucleus.

Protons; electrons

Short Answer: What tools were mentioned in the content for detecting or generating static electricity?

The gold-leaf electroscope and van de Graaff generator were mentioned as tools for detecting or generating static electricity.

Multiple Choice: What was a significant challenge faced by scientists in understanding electricity before the discovery of atoms and electrons? A) Generating static electricity B) Understanding the nature of electricity C) Building machines D) Conducting experiments

B) Understanding the nature of electricity

When two materials are rubbed together, the material gaining electrons becomes ___ charged.

Negatively

What happens to the electric force between two like charges?

They repel each other.

An object with more electrons than protons has a nett ___ charge.

Negative

True or False: A positive charge and a positive charge will attract each other.

False; like charges repel each other.

What is the role of the gold-leaf electroscope in demonstrating electric charge?

It shows the presence of electric charge by the movement of gold leaves in response to charge interactions.

If an object has 10 million positive charges and 9 million negative charges, what is its nett charge?

1 million positive charges.

Riddle: I can attract or repel, but I have no physical form. I exist between two charged objects. What am I?

Electric force.

Fill in the blank: Unlike charges ___ each other.

Attract

What happens to the leaves of an electroscope when a positively charged object approaches the plate?

Leaves diverge due to charge.

• Electrons move to the plate.

• Leaves gain positive charge.

• Divergence indicates charge presence.

Fill in the blank: Bringing a negatively charged polythene rod near the plate causes the leaves of the electroscope to ___ because they acquire a net negative charge.

Diverge

Identify the charge of an unknown object if bringing it near a positively charged electroscope causes the leaves to converge.

The unknown object is negatively charged, as it repels electrons from the plate to the leaves.

True or False: If an electroscope's leaves converge when an object is brought near, this indicates that the object is positively charged.

False. The leaves converging indicates that the object is negatively charged.

Riddle: I can attract or repel, depending on the charge I bear. When I come near, the leaves of an electroscope will flare. What am I?

A charged object.

Describe the process of identifying the charge of an unknown object using a charged electroscope.

Identify charge using electroscope.

• Bring object near electroscope.

• Observe leaf divergence or convergence.

• Determine charge based on movement.

Fill in the blank: The electroscope works by detecting charge through the movement of electrons, which causes the leaves to ___ or ___ depending on the charge of the nearby object.

Diverge; converge

What is the primary structure of a Van de Graaff generator?

A large metal sphere (dome) that collects charges, a rubber belt that moves around a plastic roller, and thin wires that collect electrons.

Fill in the blank: The Van de Graaff generator can generate a high voltage up to ___ volts.

150000