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Cheat Sheet: Information Technology and Communication | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Introduction |
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| Key Components |
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| Applications |
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| Government Initiatives |
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| Communication Technologies |
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| Emerging Trends |
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| Cybersecurity |
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| Indian Space Communication Assets |
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| Challenges |
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Introduction
- Information Technology (IT): Use of computers, software, networks, and data systems to process, store, and communicate information.
- Communication Technology: Tools & systems enabling transmission of data, voice, and video over distances.
Key Components
Applications
Governance
- Digital India, e-Governance, UMANG, DigiLocker, Aadhaar.
- Online service delivery (land records, tax filing, RTI).
Economy
- E-commerce, fintech, digital payments (UPI, RuPay, BHIM).
- Startups, IT-BPM industry exports.
Social Development
Telemedicine, online education, disaster communication.
Defence & Security
- Cybersecurity systems, secure communication, surveillance.
Government Initiatives
- Digital India – Infrastructure, governance, digital literacy.
- BharatNet – Broadband to 2.5 lakh gram panchayats.
- 5G Rollout – High-speed connectivity, IoT applications.
- National Cyber Security Policy – Protects IT infrastructure.
- India Stack – APIs for identity, payments, data sharing.
- SWAN – State Wide Area Networks.
- MeitY – Ministry of Electronics & IT, nodal body.
- IN-SATCOM Policy – Satellite communication reforms.
Communication Technologies
Emerging Trends
- 5G & Beyond – Ultra-low latency, high bandwidth.
- IoT – Connected devices in smart cities, agriculture.
- Blockchain – Secure transactions, supply chain tracking.
- AI & Machine Learning – Predictive analytics, automation.
- Quantum Communication – Unhackable secure links.
- Li-Fi – High-speed data via light.
- Metaverse – Virtual environments.
- Cloud Computing – AWS, Azure, NIC Cloud (MeghRaj).
Cybersecurity
- Threats: Malware, ransomware, phishing, DDoS.
- Agencies: CERT-In, NCIIPC, Defence Cyber Agency.
- Laws: IT Act 2000 (amended 2008), Personal Data Protection Bill (pending).
Indian Space Communication Assets
- INSAT/GSAT series – Telecom, broadcasting, weather.
- NavIC – Regional satellite navigation.
- Gaganyaan support – Satellite communication for space missions.
Challenges
- Digital divide.
- Cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
- Data privacy concerns.
- Dependence on foreign hardware/software.
- Regulatory lag for emerging tech.
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FAQs on Cheat Sheet: Information Technology and Communication - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
| 1. What are the key components of Information Technology and Communication? |  |
Ans. The key components of Information Technology and Communication include hardware, software, networking, data management, and communication technologies. Hardware refers to the physical devices such as computers and servers, while software encompasses the applications and operating systems that run on these devices. Networking involves the interconnection of computers and devices, enabling data exchange. Data management focuses on the storage, retrieval, and processing of information, and communication technologies facilitate the transfer of information across different channels.
| 2. How are emerging trends influencing the field of Information Technology and Communication? | |
Ans. Emerging trends in Information Technology and Communication include advancements in artificial intelligence, cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and 5G technology. These trends are transforming how data is processed, shared, and utilized. For instance, AI enhances data analysis and automation, while cloud computing provides scalable storage and computing power. IoT connects everyday devices to the internet, enabling smarter environments, and 5G technology offers faster, more reliable communication, paving the way for innovations in various sectors.
| 3. What role do government initiatives play in the development of Information Technology and Communication? | |
Ans. Government initiatives are crucial in the development of Information Technology and Communication as they create a supportive ecosystem for innovation. These initiatives often include policy frameworks, funding for research and development, and programs aimed at enhancing digital literacy and infrastructure. Governments may also promote public-private partnerships and invest in technology parks and incubators to encourage startups and entrepreneurship in the tech sector.
| 4. What are the challenges faced in the field of cybersecurity within Information Technology and Communication? | |
Ans. The challenges in cybersecurity within Information Technology and Communication include the increasing sophistication of cyber threats, a shortage of skilled professionals, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks. Cyberattacks such as phishing, ransomware, and data breaches are becoming more prevalent, requiring organizations to continuously update their security measures. Additionally, the rapid evolution of technology often outpaces security protocols, making it difficult to protect sensitive data effectively.
| 5. What are the Indian Space Communication Assets and their significance? | |
Ans. Indian Space Communication Assets refer to the satellites and infrastructure developed by India for communication purposes, primarily through the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). These assets, including the GSAT series of communication satellites, play a significant role in providing telecommunication, broadcasting, and broadband services across the country. They enhance connectivity in remote areas, support educational and health services, and contribute to disaster management and national security.
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Sep 04, 2025
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