PPT: Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours | Economics Class 12 - Commerce PDF Download

 Page 1


Comparative 
Development 
Strategies
Page 2


Comparative 
Development 
Strategies
The Globalisation Challenge
With the process of globalisation underway, developing countries are eager to learn about the development methods used by their 
neighbours as they face competition from both developed nations and each other.
Cross-Border Learning in a Globalised World
In today's globalised world, where geographical borders are becoming less significant, it is crucial for neighbouring countries in the 
developing world to grasp the development strategies being adopted by their peers. This understanding is vital, especially since they share 
the limited economic space available to developing nations.
Formation of Economic Alliances
As a result, countries are forming regional and global economic groups like SAARC, the European Union, ASEAN, G-8, G-20, and BRICS. 
Understanding the economies of neighbouring countries is essential, as it helps nations better recognise their own strengths and 
weaknesses in relation to those around them.
Page 3


Comparative 
Development 
Strategies
The Globalisation Challenge
With the process of globalisation underway, developing countries are eager to learn about the development methods used by their 
neighbours as they face competition from both developed nations and each other.
Cross-Border Learning in a Globalised World
In today's globalised world, where geographical borders are becoming less significant, it is crucial for neighbouring countries in the 
developing world to grasp the development strategies being adopted by their peers. This understanding is vital, especially since they share 
the limited economic space available to developing nations.
Formation of Economic Alliances
As a result, countries are forming regional and global economic groups like SAARC, the European Union, ASEAN, G-8, G-20, and BRICS. 
Understanding the economies of neighbouring countries is essential, as it helps nations better recognise their own strengths and 
weaknesses in relation to those around them.
Comparative Development Strategies
This analysis compares the development approaches of India, Pakistan, and China, highlighting their economic interdependence, 
differing industrial growth patterns, and the impact of demographic policies on their development trajectories.
We will examine the development strategies of India and its two largest neighbouring economies4Pakistan and China.
As John F. Kennedy famously said, "Geography has made us neighbours. History has made us friends. Economics has made us 
partners, and necessity has made us allies." This interconnectedness highlights the significance of collaboration and understanding 
among nations.
In today's globalised world, where borders are less important, it is crucial for developing countries to understand each other's 
development strategies. This connection underlines the need for cooperation and mutual understanding among nations.
China's industrial sector has seen strong growth, unlike India and Pakistan. The SEZs (Special Economic Zones) policy of China is key in 
attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) through robust infrastructure that supports economic growth.
India's dependency on agriculture is significant even after seventy years of planned development.
China's demographic policies, particularly the one-child policy from 1979, have influenced its population growth and economic 
standing, leading to slower population growth compared to India, which faces challenges with a larger, younger population.
Page 4


Comparative 
Development 
Strategies
The Globalisation Challenge
With the process of globalisation underway, developing countries are eager to learn about the development methods used by their 
neighbours as they face competition from both developed nations and each other.
Cross-Border Learning in a Globalised World
In today's globalised world, where geographical borders are becoming less significant, it is crucial for neighbouring countries in the 
developing world to grasp the development strategies being adopted by their peers. This understanding is vital, especially since they share 
the limited economic space available to developing nations.
Formation of Economic Alliances
As a result, countries are forming regional and global economic groups like SAARC, the European Union, ASEAN, G-8, G-20, and BRICS. 
Understanding the economies of neighbouring countries is essential, as it helps nations better recognise their own strengths and 
weaknesses in relation to those around them.
Comparative Development Strategies
This analysis compares the development approaches of India, Pakistan, and China, highlighting their economic interdependence, 
differing industrial growth patterns, and the impact of demographic policies on their development trajectories.
We will examine the development strategies of India and its two largest neighbouring economies4Pakistan and China.
As John F. Kennedy famously said, "Geography has made us neighbours. History has made us friends. Economics has made us 
partners, and necessity has made us allies." This interconnectedness highlights the significance of collaboration and understanding 
among nations.
In today's globalised world, where borders are less important, it is crucial for developing countries to understand each other's 
development strategies. This connection underlines the need for cooperation and mutual understanding among nations.
China's industrial sector has seen strong growth, unlike India and Pakistan. The SEZs (Special Economic Zones) policy of China is key in 
attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) through robust infrastructure that supports economic growth.
India's dependency on agriculture is significant even after seventy years of planned development.
China's demographic policies, particularly the one-child policy from 1979, have influenced its population growth and economic 
standing, leading to slower population growth compared to India, which faces challenges with a larger, younger population.
Development Path of India, Pakistan, and China
Historical Context
India and Pakistan gained 
independence in 1947, while the 
People's Republic of China was 
established in 1949.
Jawaharlal Nehru remarked that these 
events reflected a new spirit in Asia, 
stating, "These new and revolutionary 
changes in China and India, even 
though they differ in content, symbolise 
the new spirit of Asia and new vitality 
which is finding expression in the 
countries in Asia."
Planning Approach
All three countries began their 
development planning in similar ways: 
India initiated its First Five Year Plan in 
1951, followed by Pakistan in 1956 and 
China in 1953.
India and Pakistan adopted similar 
approaches, such as creating a large 
public sector and increasing social 
development spending, but the systems 
set up to implement these policies vary 
significantly.
Economic Models
Both India and Pakistan embraced a 
mixed economy model, whereas China 
has followed a traditional development 
approach, gradually moving from 
agriculture to manufacturing and then 
to services.
India is the world's largest democracy 
with a secular constitution, contrasting 
with Pakistan's military-based system 
and China's command economy.
Page 5


Comparative 
Development 
Strategies
The Globalisation Challenge
With the process of globalisation underway, developing countries are eager to learn about the development methods used by their 
neighbours as they face competition from both developed nations and each other.
Cross-Border Learning in a Globalised World
In today's globalised world, where geographical borders are becoming less significant, it is crucial for neighbouring countries in the 
developing world to grasp the development strategies being adopted by their peers. This understanding is vital, especially since they share 
the limited economic space available to developing nations.
Formation of Economic Alliances
As a result, countries are forming regional and global economic groups like SAARC, the European Union, ASEAN, G-8, G-20, and BRICS. 
Understanding the economies of neighbouring countries is essential, as it helps nations better recognise their own strengths and 
weaknesses in relation to those around them.
Comparative Development Strategies
This analysis compares the development approaches of India, Pakistan, and China, highlighting their economic interdependence, 
differing industrial growth patterns, and the impact of demographic policies on their development trajectories.
We will examine the development strategies of India and its two largest neighbouring economies4Pakistan and China.
As John F. Kennedy famously said, "Geography has made us neighbours. History has made us friends. Economics has made us 
partners, and necessity has made us allies." This interconnectedness highlights the significance of collaboration and understanding 
among nations.
In today's globalised world, where borders are less important, it is crucial for developing countries to understand each other's 
development strategies. This connection underlines the need for cooperation and mutual understanding among nations.
China's industrial sector has seen strong growth, unlike India and Pakistan. The SEZs (Special Economic Zones) policy of China is key in 
attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) through robust infrastructure that supports economic growth.
India's dependency on agriculture is significant even after seventy years of planned development.
China's demographic policies, particularly the one-child policy from 1979, have influenced its population growth and economic 
standing, leading to slower population growth compared to India, which faces challenges with a larger, younger population.
Development Path of India, Pakistan, and China
Historical Context
India and Pakistan gained 
independence in 1947, while the 
People's Republic of China was 
established in 1949.
Jawaharlal Nehru remarked that these 
events reflected a new spirit in Asia, 
stating, "These new and revolutionary 
changes in China and India, even 
though they differ in content, symbolise 
the new spirit of Asia and new vitality 
which is finding expression in the 
countries in Asia."
Planning Approach
All three countries began their 
development planning in similar ways: 
India initiated its First Five Year Plan in 
1951, followed by Pakistan in 1956 and 
China in 1953.
India and Pakistan adopted similar 
approaches, such as creating a large 
public sector and increasing social 
development spending, but the systems 
set up to implement these policies vary 
significantly.
Economic Models
Both India and Pakistan embraced a 
mixed economy model, whereas China 
has followed a traditional development 
approach, gradually moving from 
agriculture to manufacturing and then 
to services.
India is the world's largest democracy 
with a secular constitution, contrasting 
with Pakistan's military-based system 
and China's command economy.
Development Path of India, Pakistan, and China 
(Continued)
Up until the early 1980s, the growth rates and contributions to national 
income in all three countries were comparable.
Even after seven decades of planned development, a large part of the 
workforce in all countries relies on agriculture, with India having the 
highest dependency.
Structural Reforms
China enacted structural reforms in 1978 independently
Pakistan did so in 1988 under international pressure
India followed in 1991, also influenced by external factors
The effects of these policy changes varied; for instance, the one-child 
policy in China has slowed population growth, while in India and 
Pakistan, significant changes are still awaited.