PPT: Introduction | Database Management System (DBMS) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) PDF Download

 Page 1


Introduction to 
Database 
Management 
Systems (DBMS)
Page 2


Introduction to 
Database 
Management 
Systems (DBMS)
Important Database T erminology
Database
A collection of inter-related data 
organized in tables, views, and 
schemas that enables efficient 
retrieval, insertion, and deletion of 
data. Example: university database 
organizing data about students, 
faculty, and admin staff.
DDL (Data Definition 
Language)
Deals with database schemas and 
descriptions of how data should 
reside in the database. Includes 
commands like CREATE, ALTER, 
DROP, TRUNCATE, COMMENT, and 
RENAME.
DBMS
Software used to manage 
databases, such as MySQL and 
Oracle, allowing users to define, 
update, retrieve data, and 
administer users.
Page 3


Introduction to 
Database 
Management 
Systems (DBMS)
Important Database T erminology
Database
A collection of inter-related data 
organized in tables, views, and 
schemas that enables efficient 
retrieval, insertion, and deletion of 
data. Example: university database 
organizing data about students, 
faculty, and admin staff.
DDL (Data Definition 
Language)
Deals with database schemas and 
descriptions of how data should 
reside in the database. Includes 
commands like CREATE, ALTER, 
DROP, TRUNCATE, COMMENT, and 
RENAME.
DBMS
Software used to manage 
databases, such as MySQL and 
Oracle, allowing users to define, 
update, retrieve data, and 
administer users.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
SELECT
Retrieve data from a 
database
INSERT
Insert data into a table
UPDATE
Update existing data 
within a table
DELETE
Delete records from a 
database table
DML is the short name for Data Manipulation Language which deals with data manipulation. It includes the most common 
SQL statements used to store, modify, retrieve, delete and update data in a database.
Additional DML commands include MERGE (UPSERT operation), CALL (call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram), EXPLAIN PLAN 
(interpretation of the data access path), and LOCK TABLE (concurrency control).
Page 4


Introduction to 
Database 
Management 
Systems (DBMS)
Important Database T erminology
Database
A collection of inter-related data 
organized in tables, views, and 
schemas that enables efficient 
retrieval, insertion, and deletion of 
data. Example: university database 
organizing data about students, 
faculty, and admin staff.
DDL (Data Definition 
Language)
Deals with database schemas and 
descriptions of how data should 
reside in the database. Includes 
commands like CREATE, ALTER, 
DROP, TRUNCATE, COMMENT, and 
RENAME.
DBMS
Software used to manage 
databases, such as MySQL and 
Oracle, allowing users to define, 
update, retrieve data, and 
administer users.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
SELECT
Retrieve data from a 
database
INSERT
Insert data into a table
UPDATE
Update existing data 
within a table
DELETE
Delete records from a 
database table
DML is the short name for Data Manipulation Language which deals with data manipulation. It includes the most common 
SQL statements used to store, modify, retrieve, delete and update data in a database.
Additional DML commands include MERGE (UPSERT operation), CALL (call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram), EXPLAIN PLAN 
(interpretation of the data access path), and LOCK TABLE (concurrency control).
Database Management 
System Tasks
Data Definition
Creation, modification and removal of definitions that define the 
organization of data in database.
Data Updation
Insertion, modification and deletion of the actual data in the database.
Data Retrieval
Retrieval of data from the database which can be used by applications for 
various purposes.
User Administration
Registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security, monitoring 
performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing with concurrency control 
and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.
Page 5


Introduction to 
Database 
Management 
Systems (DBMS)
Important Database T erminology
Database
A collection of inter-related data 
organized in tables, views, and 
schemas that enables efficient 
retrieval, insertion, and deletion of 
data. Example: university database 
organizing data about students, 
faculty, and admin staff.
DDL (Data Definition 
Language)
Deals with database schemas and 
descriptions of how data should 
reside in the database. Includes 
commands like CREATE, ALTER, 
DROP, TRUNCATE, COMMENT, and 
RENAME.
DBMS
Software used to manage 
databases, such as MySQL and 
Oracle, allowing users to define, 
update, retrieve data, and 
administer users.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
SELECT
Retrieve data from a 
database
INSERT
Insert data into a table
UPDATE
Update existing data 
within a table
DELETE
Delete records from a 
database table
DML is the short name for Data Manipulation Language which deals with data manipulation. It includes the most common 
SQL statements used to store, modify, retrieve, delete and update data in a database.
Additional DML commands include MERGE (UPSERT operation), CALL (call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram), EXPLAIN PLAN 
(interpretation of the data access path), and LOCK TABLE (concurrency control).
Database Management 
System Tasks
Data Definition
Creation, modification and removal of definitions that define the 
organization of data in database.
Data Updation
Insertion, modification and deletion of the actual data in the database.
Data Retrieval
Retrieval of data from the database which can be used by applications for 
various purposes.
User Administration
Registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security, monitoring 
performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing with concurrency control 
and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.
Paradigm Shift from File System to 
DBMS
Issues with File Systems
Redundancy of data across multiple files
Inconsistency when copies don't match
Difficult data access requiring exact file locations
Vulnerability to unauthorized access
No concurrent access by multiple users
Lack of backup and recovery mechanisms
Example: University Management
In a file-based system, student data is duplicated across 
departments, academics, results, accounts, and hostel 
offices. Updating a phone number requires changes in 
multiple locations, risking inconsistency.
Searching for specific information like a hostel allotment 
number among 10,000 unsorted records becomes 
extremely tedious and inefficient.