What is the primary psychosocial crisis faced during Erikson's first stage of development, and what virtue does successful resolution lead to?

The primary crisis is trust vs. mistrust, and successful resolution leads to the virtue of hope.

In Erikson's second stage, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, what outcome results from a lack of encouragement for independence?

A lack of encouragement can lead to feelings of inadequacy, shame, and doubt in one's abilities.

During the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt, what is the primary method through which children assert themselves?

Children assert themselves primarily through play, where they initiate activities and interact with peers.

Fill in the blank: Success in the stage of Industry vs. Inferiority leads to the virtue of ___.

Competence

True or False: According to Erikson, failure to resolve a psychosocial crisis in one stage permanently affects personality development in later stages.

False. Erikson believed that later resolution of earlier crises is possible.

What critical psychosocial crisis do adolescents face in the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?

Adolescents face the challenge of establishing a personal identity and understanding their role in society.

Riddle: I am a stage where love is the goal, but fear of commitment can take its toll. What stage am I?

Intimacy vs. Isolation

In the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation, what is the primary focus of individuals during middle adulthood?

The focus is on creating or nurturing things that will outlast them, contributing to society.

Fill in the blank: The virtue gained from successfully navigating the stage of Ego Integrity vs. Despair is ___.

Wisdom

What unique perspective does Joan Erikson introduce in her ninth stage of psychosocial development?

She proposes that in old age, individuals re-engage with earlier conflicts, influenced by aging, emphasizing gerotranscendence.