MH SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 3 (Political Science) - MAHA TET MCQ

A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state, which is called president.

Subject to legislation by Parliament, the power to declare any area as a 'Scheduled area' is given to the President and The Executive power of the Union shall extend to giving directions to the respective States regarding the administration of the Scheduled Areas. These provisions of the Constitution relating to the administration of the Scheduled Areas and Tribes may be altered by Parliament or by ordinary legislation. both are true. 

Article 156 – Term of office of Governor. The Constitution of India is the fountainhead from which all our laws derive their authority and force.  The Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office.

• Ziauddin Barani (1285–1358 CE) was a Muslim political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate located in present-day North India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah's reign.
• He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, a work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyasuddin Balban to the first six years of the reign of Firoz Shah Tughluq and the Fatwa-i-Jahandari which promoted a hierarchy among Muslim communities in the Indian subcontinent, even if historian M. Athar Ali says that it's not on a racialist basis or even like the Hindu caste system, but taking as a model Sassanid Iran, which promoted an idea of the aristocracy through birth and which was claimed by Persians to be "fully in accordance with the main thrust of Islamic thought as it had developed by that time", including in the works of his near-contemporary Ibn Khaldun
• He took initiative for young girls being trained by Indian courtesans in Persian (Parsi) and Indian (Hindi) music for the Delhi court in the late thirteenth century.

• The United States Constitution is the world's longest surviving written charter of government.
• United States Constitution was adopted in 1789. 
• The Constitution of Switzerland was adopted in 1999 which established the Swiss Confederation as a 26-cantonal federal republic.
• The Constitution of India was adopted in 1949 and has been revised 105 times.
• The Canadian constitution was patriated in 1982 when the British parliament approved the Canada Act 1982.

Thus, the Constitution of America⇒ Constitution of India⇒ Constitution of Canada⇒ Constitution of Switzerland⇒ is in correct chronological order in order of their year of framing.

 Mahatma Gandhi is known for the famous quote, "an uncontrolled pen serves, but to destroy".

• He was born on 2nd October 1869 at Porbandar and died at the age of 78 years on 30th January 1948 in New Delhi.
• His death Memorial is known as Raj Ghat.
• He wrote the book the Story of My Experiments with Truth and his mother's name was Putlibai Gandhi and his father's name was Karamchand Gandhi.
• He gave the slogan Do or Die during Quit India Movement (1942).
• Mahatma Gandhi was involved in
  • Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
  • Dandi March (1930)
  • Quit India Movement (1942)
  • Non-cooperation Movement (1920).
• He was a moderate leader who believed in non-violence and hence his birthday i.e 2nd October is celebrated every year as an International non-violence day.

The correct option is 'Thomas R Dye'

• Thomas R. Dye, a political scientist and author, is credited with the statement that "public policy is whatever governments choose to do or not to do." This statement captures the essence of public policy as a broad concept encompassing the decisions, actions, and inactions taken by governments at various levels.
• Dye's perspective suggests that public policy is not limited to specific actions or programs but encompasses a wide range of governmental choices and decisions. It emphasizes that public policy includes both the policies enacted by governments and the policies that are deliberately not pursued or implemented.
• This definition of public policy by Thomas R. Dye highlights the discretionary power of governments to shape and influence various aspects of society, ranging from social issues and economic matters to governance and public services.
• Public policy is a complex and multifaceted area of study that encompasses a wide range of perspectives and approaches.

The Federal Court of India was a judicial body, established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. 

• The Supreme Court of India also came into existence and its first sitting was held on 28 January 1950.

The correct answer is Velupillai Prabhakaran

LTTE

• It was a militant organization in North-east Sri Lanka founded in 1975.
• Its aim was for an independent state for the Tamil-speaking minority in the Northern and Eastern parts of Sri Lanka. (against the discriminatory policies of majority Sinhalese).
• It was founded by Velupillai Prabhakaran.
• The guerilla warfare led to the civil war in Sri Lanka from 1983 to 2009.
• Though there were some mediations held that failed, it ended with the Sri Lankan military operation that killed Prabhakaran in 2009.
• LTTE is behind the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, former PM of India.

N. Sanjiva Reddy was the Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha from 26 March 1977 to 13 July 1977.

Aristotle said that family is the first school of social life.

The correct answer is A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Liberalism:

• ​A political and moral ideology known as liberalism is based on individual liberties, freedoms, the consent of the governed, and equality before the law. 
• It believes that all individuals are rational creatures and hence, placed better to decide well for themselves. 
• Features of liberalism: 
  • Individual Freedom
  • Capitalist Economy with a free market without State's control
  • Limited or no interference of the State in an individual's life
  • Democracy
  • Ideals of modernity and discarding traditions.

Constitutional Government:

• The presence of a constitution, which may be a written document or just a set of fixed standards or principles commonly acknowledged as the fundamental law of the land, that effectively controls the exercise of political power defines a constitutional government.
• ​The core element of constitutional government is the existence of a Rule-of-Law or set of basic laws that bind both public office-holders and all members of a society within a given territory.
• It prevents arbitrary decision-making.
• Unlike the UK, India has a limited government.

The correct answer is Almond and Powell.

• The political culture was viewed by Almond and Powell (1966) as a defining component in the explanation of political behaviour. It is a certain pattern of political orientation, attitudes towards the political system and all of its components, and attitudes towards one's place in the system. They expand on it in three ways:
  •  Substantive content: this can be interpreted as system culture, process culture and policy culture.
  •  Varieties of orientation (cognitive, affective and evaluative)
  • ·Systematic relations among these components

• The Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC) has its headquarters in Ebene, Mauritius.
• Established in 1995 as the Indian Ocean Rim Initiative (IORI) and later renamed, the organization serves as a platform for regional cooperation among the 23 states that border the Indian Ocean.
• Mauritius, a small island nation located in the Indian Ocean, was chosen as the headquarters of IOR-ARC due to its strategic location and its commitment to fostering regional collaboration and development.
• The headquarters in Ebene, Mauritius serves as the central administrative and coordination hub for the association's activities, including organizing meetings, conferences, and initiatives aimed at promoting dialogue, cooperation, and sustainable development in the Indian Ocean region.

The correct answer is In a community government, several language-using groups are granted the authority to manage matters pertaining to their localities.

The correct option is B.R. Ambedkar.

A local government is a form of public administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier of administration within a given state. The term is used to contrast with offices at state level, which are referred to as the central government, national government, or (where appropriate) federal government and also to supranational government which deals with governing institutions between states. Local governments generally act within powers delegated to them by legislation or directives of the higher level of government. In federal states, local government generally comprises the third (or sometimes fourth) tier of government, whereas in unitary states, local government usually occupies the second or third tier of government, often with greater powers than higher-level administrative divisions.

Derived from the Latin superanus through the French souveraineté, the term was originally understood to mean the equivalent of supreme power.

Justice Prasad was on the HC Bench from 1987 to 1991. He served the National Commission for Backward Classes as its chairman from 1993 to 1996. As the chairman of the Union government's Expert Committee on Creamy Layer, Justice Prasad had given a report on the concept of creamy layer in backward classes.

Legal rights are, clearly, rights which exist under the rules of legal systems or by virtue of decisions of suitably authoritative bodies within them. They raise a number of different philosophical issues. (1) Whether legal rights are conceptually related to other types of rights, principally moral rights; (2) What the analysis of the concept of a legal right is; (3) What kinds of entities can be legal right-holders; (4) Whether there any kinds of rights which are exclusive to, or at least have much greater importance in, legal systems, as opposed to morality; (5) What rights legal systems ought to create or recognise. Issue (5) is primarily one of moral and political philosophy, and is not different in general principle from the issue of what duties, permissions, powers, etc, legal systems ought to create or recognise. It will not, therefore, be addressed here.

Prime Minister of India as the Chairperson of the Niti Aayog.

• Governing Council comprising the Chief Ministers of all the States and Lt. Governors of Union Territories.
• The full-time organizational framework will comprise
• Vice-Chairperson: To be appointed by the Prime Minister.
• Members: Full-time.
• Part-time members: Maximum of 2 from leading universities research organizations and other relevant institutions in an ex-officio capacity. Part-time members will be on a rotational basis.
• Ex Officio members: Maximum of 4 members of the Union Council of Ministers to be nominated by the Prime Minister.
• Chief Executive Officer: To be appointed by the Prime Minister for a fixed tenure, in the rank of Secretary to the Government of India.

The correct Answer is 1887 - 1910 

• The term "The Exploratory Period"  is typically referred to as "The Reform Era" or "The Progressive Era" in the context of the evolution of public administration in the United States.
• This period marked a significant transformation in how government and public administration operated.

The correct answer is Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar advocated the remarriage of widows in the 19th century.

The correct answer is Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.

• For the Middle Class of Europe, Liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality before the law.
• It also focused on the inviolability of private property.
• It also stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, and also for a constitution and representative government through parliament. So, Statement 1 is correct.
• Liberalism can be used in a religious context, indicating freedom from traditional authority.
• In politics, liberalism emphasized- the state of being liberal, notably in emphasising the rights and freedom of the individual, usually with government guarantees for those rights and freedom. Thus, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Marx, in 1865, noted three kinds of colonies:
1) Plantation colonies as in the West Indies
2) The Well-populated countries like Mexico and India
3) The colonies proper like Australia
Towards the end of nineteenth century Engels added to the list the colonies ‘Subsidiary to the stock markets’ as in Africa.
Thus, option C is correct.

Woman franchise is pleaded because As weaker section of society they need protection.

Separate communal electorate systems aimed at securing the interest of Religious minorities

• Social control is that pattern of pressure, which is used by society to maintain order and establish rules.
• The concept of social control was first introduced by American sociologist E.A. Ross systematically expressed them in his book Social Control in 1901. From that time till now, this book has to be resorted to in relation to the concept of social control.
• In this book, Ross has described the roles of religion, belief, public opinion, morality, law, education, customs, etc. in the control functions of society.

The correct answer is Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson is credited with the politics-administration dichotomy via his theories on public administration in his 1887 essay, "The Study of Administration". Wilson came up with a theory that politics and administration are inherently different and should be approached as such.

The correct answer is a Broader view of Public Administration. 

Public administration is a broad field that covers the administrative services needed to help build and strengthen society.