HSSC TGT Science Mock Test - 1 - HSSC PGT/TGT MCQ

The correct answer is Alluvial soil.

Key Points

• In Haryana state, alluvial type of soil is mostly found.
• Alluvial soil is having silt, sand, clay, and gravel as well as much organic matter.
• It is porous as well as light, so it is easily tillable.
• On the basis of its ages alluvial soil is divided into Bhangar (Old alluvium) and Khadar (New alluvium).
• It is among the most fertile soils of India.
• Major crops grown on this soil are rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, jute, potato, and vegetables.

Additional Information

• Laterite soil:
  • Laterite Soil is poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, and nitrogen.
  • Bricks are made for house construction by laterite soil.
  • Laterite Soil is peculiar to India- Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Odisha.
  • Cashew, Tapioca, Coffee, and Rubber are the important crops of laterite soil.
• Black soil:​
  • Black soil is also known as regur soil.
  • Black soil has a high water-retaining capacity.
  • Black soil has poor nitrogen content.
• Red and yellow soil:​
  • It is found in the eastern part of the peninsular region covering Chotanagpur Plateau, Odisha, eastern Chhattisgarh, etc.
  • It is suitable for the production of crops such as wheat, rice, millets, pulses, etc.
  • Red colour due to wide diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
  • Yellow colour when it is in hydrated form. These soils are fine-grained and fertile.
  • It is poor in nitrogen, phosphorus and humus.

Concept:

Resources:

• Everything available in our environment can be used to satisfy our needs.
• It is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable and can be termed a 'Resource'.

Explanation:

Resources characteristic:

• All resources are useful:
  • Utility or usability is what makes an object or substance a resource.
  • All resources have some value.
  • Time and technology are two important factors that can change substances into resources.
  • People themselves are the most essential resource.
• All resources are limited:
  • A fundamental aspect of nature is limited resources.
  • This means that the amount of labour, money, land and entrepreneurial activity that can be used to produce goods and services is finite.
  • It implies that the economy has a finite number of resources that can be used to produce goods and services at a given time.
  • Renewable resources are those which have a unlimited stock.
  • Once the stocks are exhausted it may take thousands of years to be renewed or replenished.
• All resources are interconnected:​
  • ​Resources are things people take from the planet.
  • Resources are connected to one another.
  • We are reliant on nature's resources and connected to them for the things we require to survive.

Thus, the characteristics of the resources.

All renewable resources are useful-correct.

All renewable resources are unlimited-correct.

All renewable resources are interconnected-correct.

So, all options are correct.

The correct answer is Tarachandji Maharaj.

Key Points

• The Star monument of Haryana (Bhiwani) is the Samadhi Sthal of the 5^th Radha Swami Guru, Shri Param Sant Tarachandji Maharaj.
  • He is popularly called Bade Maharaj Ji.
  • He was the founder of Radha Swami Satsang.
• The monument is a hexagonal pyramid and because of its sides, it looks like a star.
• The Star monument is constructed in a star shape at an elevated height of 6 feet from the ground.
• It is a 3-dimensional building showcasing stars from all sides of the structure.
• It is 88 feet tall erected without any pillars and columns.
• The building is unique as there are no pillars or columns to support the building.
• It is situated in the Radhaswami Satsang Bhawan complex in Haryana.
• The name of the monument is derived from the first name of Tarachandji Maharaj, “Tara” means star.

Additional Information

• Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Sikh Guru.
  • He became the leader of the Sikhs at the age of nine.
  • He was assassinated by Jamshed Khan and Wasil Beg.
• Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha kingdom of India.
  • A proposal to build a 210 meters tall giant memorial called Shiv Smarak was approved in 2016 and is expected to be completed in 2021.

The correct answer is Gurugram.

Key Points

• The climate of the state is subtropical, semi-arid to sub-humid, continental, and monsoon type.
• The state has three distinct climatic regions namely the hot arid region, hot semi-arid region, and hot sub-humid region.
• Haryana is very hot in summer and markedly cold in winter. The maximum temperature in the months of May and June goes as high as 46 degrees Celcius.
• The climate is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 354.5mm.
• Under the Koppen climate classification, Gurugram experiences a hot semi-arid climate(BSh).
• The city experiences four distinct seasons- spring(February-March), summer (April-August), autumn (October-November), and winter (December-January).
• The season experiences heat indices easily breaking 43 degrees Celcius. winters are cool and foggy with few sunny days.
• Gurugram is a city located in the northern Indian state of Haryana. It is situated near the Delhi-Haryana border, about 30 kilometers southwest of the national capital New Delhi.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of the state for 2022-23 (at current prices) is projected to be Rs 9,94,195 crore. This is a growth of 11% over the revised estimate of GSDP for 2021-22 (Rs 8,95,671 crore).
• The development of infrastructural projects (such as public libraries, and sports facilities) in Urban Local Bodies is the main objective of the Divya Nagar Scheme announced in the Haryana State Budget 2022-23.
• Rs 883 crore has been allocated towards strengthening urban hospitals and dispensaries.
• Rs 52 crore has been allocated towards National Urban Health Mission.
• Rs 6,826 crore has been allocated for pension under social security schemes.

The developmental stage between childhood and adulthood is known as adolescence.

Key Points

• All adolescents experience feelings of rebellion at one time or another. 
• They believe that adults, including their parents, do not understand them, and they do not want to follow adult norms.
• They also enjoy doing things that their parents find objectionable, such as dressing in unconventional ways, getting tattoos, and listening to loud music.
• Almost all adolescents are aware of the "generation gap" between their generation and that of their parents.

Thus, we conclude that Adolescents feel rebelious towards authority because they feel adults do not understand them.

The correct answer is 1603 sq km.

Key Points

• As per the state of forest report 2021, the tree cover in the state of Haryana is 1603 square km.
  • The survey was conducted between October 2019 and February 2020 for the assessment year 2021.
  • The forest cover in the state is 1,603.48 km, which is 3.63% of the state's geographical area. The forest area of the state was recorded at 1,602.44 in 2019, 1,588 sq km in 2017 and 1,580 sq km in the 2015 report.

Key Points

Concept:

Ecosystem: 

All organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms and human beings as well as the physical surroundings interact with each other and maintain a balance in nature. All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem.

• Biotic Components: It includes producers, consumers and decomposers. All living things have a direct or indirect influence on other organisms in an environment. Ex- Plants, Animals, Microorganism etc.
• Abiotic components: All the in-organic components of the ecosystem, non-living physical and chemical composition of nature are abiotic components. Ex- stones, water, Humus (organic waste), air etc

Additional Information

Explanation:

• The structure of an ecosystem refers to its biotic and abiotic factors and the function of an ecosystem includes energy flow and nutrient cycles
• An ecosystem whose structure and function remains unaltered over a long period of time is considered to be a stable ecosystem
• Oceans are the most stable ecosystem as they are large, deep, and continuous because of which any change in the structure and function is difficult or can be easily resisted
• Coral reefs are a diverse form of the marine ecosystem, which in total may account for a quarter of all ocean species.
• The ratio of fish compared to elasmobranchs such as sharks, skates, and rays – has remained stable for periods of tens of millions of years, despite extreme environmental changes caused by climate shifts of the past.

The correct answer is Moderate Drought Affected area.

Key Points

• Haryana is included in Moderate Drought Affected area.
• Most of the drought-prone areas are found in arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid regions of the country.
  • Parts of Haryana fall under arid zone and semi-arid zone.
• On the basis of severity of droughts, India can be divided into the following regions:
  • Extreme Drought Affected Areas
  • Severe Drought Prone Areas
  • Moderate Drought Affected Areas
• Moderate Drought Affected Areas include-
  • Northern parts of Rajasthan, Haryana, southern districts of Uttar Pradesh, the remaining parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra except Konkan, Jharkhand and Coimbatore plateau of Tamil Nadu and interior Karnataka are included in this category.

Additional Information

• Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate and occurs in all climatic regimes and is usually characterized in terms of its spatial extension, intensity and duration.
• Ministry of Agriculture is the nodal Ministry in respect of monitoring and managing drought conditions.
  • Droughts are classified into meteorological droughts, hydrological droughts and agricultural droughts.
  • In India, around 68% of the country is prone to drought in varying degrees.
  • 35% which receives rainfall between 750 mm and 1125 mm is considered drought prone while 33% receiving less than 750 mm is chronically drought prone.
• Meteorological drought is classified based on rainfall deficiency w.r.t. long term average -
  • 25% or less is normal
  • 26-50% is moderate
  • more than 50% is severe

The correct answer is if the shop is not removed even after the order to remove the goods, then you will request the officer to take action under Section 34 of the Police Act, 1861. 

Key PointsTraffic Rule: 

• According to Section 34 of the Police Act 1861, Police officers have duly power to restrict and protect any public place of certain importance.
• Traffic Rules under the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act 2019, the passage of the roads especially high way or lanes must have enough place.
• It is the responsibility of the police to clear any jams or blockages on the roads.

Important Points

• Driving them away with a stick is not at all a solution.
• Abusing anyone in any situation is against human rights.
• You must behave in a well-mannered way.
• To through away their belongings from there can cause them great loss, which is indeed not appreciable.
• You must give them notice to clear the way, if they don't follow it you can take action under section 34.

The correct answer is Should not drive in the silence zone at all.

Key Points

• Driving in a silence zone is allowed.
• The Motor Vehicles Act of 2017  (Regulation 23) deals with the "Use of horns and silence zones".
• It states that:

  • (1) Unnecessary use of horns is prohibited.

  • (2) As far as may be, the horn shall be sounded only when the driver apprehends danger to himself or to any other road user.

  • (3) The driver shall sound the horn when directed by the mandatory sign.

  • (4) The driver shall not-

    • (a) sound the horn continuously or repeatedly or for a duration longer than necessary or in residential areas or in a silence zone indicated by a mandatory sign;

    • (b) make use of a cut-out by which exhaust gases are released other than through the silencer;

    • (c) fit or use an air horn or a multi-toned horn giving a harsh, shrill, loud or alarming noise except as provided in sub-rule (3) of rule 119 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules,1989;

    • (d) drive a vehicle which creates undue noise or causes an alarming sound when in motion.

Important Points

• Section 194 F of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 deals with the penalties for "Use of horns and Silence zones":
  • A person shall be punishable with a fine of Rs. 1,000 and for a second or subsequent offence with a fine of Rs. 2,000 under these circumstances:
    • (a) while driving a motor vehicle--
      (i) sounds the horn needlessly or continuously or more than necessary to ensure safety, or
      (ii) sounds the horn in an area with a traffic sign prohibiting the use of a horn, or
    • (b) drives a motor vehicle which makes use of a cut-out by which exhaust gases are released other than through the silencer.

Meaning and Concept of Socialization: Human child has an innate capacity to learn and to communicate. Therefore, gradually it learns the group-defined ways of behaviour. It is human company initially in the form of a family and later other social institutions like the community, peer group, school etc. educate the human child to be a responsible and useful member of society.

• The process of learning to internalize the values and norms into its self or the mode of learning to live in society is called the process of socialization.
• To internalize is to imbibe so deeply that it becomes a part of the individual's behaviour and personality.

Key Points

Agents of socialization:

• The agents or agencies of socialization are those institutions that contribute to the process of socialization of an individual.
• Each institution in which a child participates like family, school, his neighbor can be considered as the agents of socialization.

The agents of socialization are mainly classified into two types:

​ Hint

• Schools help children in learning the importance of social cohesion and unity and inculcate informal cues about social roles through interaction.

Hence, it is concluded that the statement - "Schools and educational institutions are not important agents of socialization" is completely incorrect. 

The correct answer is Safidon.Key Points

• The ancient city of Haryana Sarpadaman is known as safidon.
• Safidon was discovered in the fourteenth century by the Mughal King named Firoz Shah Tughlaq, he was one of the visionary rulers who discovered the place.
• He wanted to build a canal passing through the river Yamuna to jind.
• When Timur attacked India he attacked Punjab and the parts of Haryana but this place was safe from his hands as it wasn’t that talking.

Additional Information

Development refers to an increase in structure for better and enhanced functioning of organs. It includes all the qualitative changes in an individual over a period of time by the process of learning and maturation.

• It is a wide and continuous process, thus there are some principles that need to be followed for a better understanding of the concept.

Key Points

Principles of development include:

Additional Information

The other principles of growth and development are given below: 

• Development is cumulative: The children will go through the same stages of development in the same order but not with the same speed because of the existence of individual differences. In the development of learning a language first the children will develop the listening skills and then the speaking skills. But some children will develop listening skills faster than others because of individual differences and only after that, they will acquire speaking skills in the same order as others. Hence, development is cumulative.
• Principle of continuity: It starts from the womb and continues till death. It is a continuous life-long process.
• Principle of individual differences: Each individual grows at his own unique pace because of the wide individual differences that exist among the children with respect to their growth and development.
• Development proceeds from general to specific responses: The child's responses are of the general sort before they become specific. The general activity precedes the specific activity i.e., the Child moves his hands first randomly and then starts using his fingers specifically and takes complete control of his hand movements.
• Principle of interrelation: The growth and development in various dimensions like social, mental, physical, emotional, etc. are related to each other and interdependent. The growth and development in any one dimension affect the growth and development of the child in other dimensions as well.
• Development is predictable: By studying the present rate of growth and development of a child we can predict the range within which his mature development is going to fall.
• Principle of developmental direction: The development is cephalic caudal (in the direction of the longitudinal axis, head to foot) and as well as proximodistal (proceeds from the center to the periphery, inward to outward, control of large muscles first then smaller ones). The control over the finger comes after the control of arm and hand is an example of proximodistal tendency.
• Growth and development are a joint product of both heredity and environment: Both heredity and environment directly or indirectly influence the process of growth and development in any dimension at all times.

Hence, we can conclude that the principle of integration signifies the movement from whole to parts and from parts to the whole.

• According to Dobereiner's law of triads each triad contains three elements.
• He also noticed that the middle element of each of the triads had an atomic weight about halfway between the atomic weights of the other two.

Cross -multiply by change in oxidation number and balance H by H⁺ ions.

Thus, x = 2, y = 5 and z = 6 

UVA radiation is what makes people tan. UVA rays penetrate to the lower layers of the epidermis, where they trigger cells called melanocytes (pronounced: mel-an-oh-sites) to produce melanin. Melanin is the brown pigment that causes tanning. Melanin is the body's way of protecting skin from burning.

Let the O. N. of Mo in the complex is x
 2x + (–2) × 2 + 0 × 2 + 0 × 2  = – 2

Mannitol is stored as a food reserve in Fucus. They are common littoral seaweed growing in the hard-rocky areas of the sea.
Correct option is D. Fucus

Interference is a known phenomenon in which two coherent sources of light meet and produce a resultant effect, i.e either a wave of greater or lower amplitude.
The intensity and amplitude changes depending on whether it's constructive or destructive interference. However, energy is distributed equally and hence remains conserved.

• The spores of moss germinate to produce protonema. 
• From the protonema grows the gametophore ("gamete-bearer") that is differentiated into stems and leaves ('microphylls').
• From the tips of stems or branches develop the male and female gametophytes of the mosses.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic “Mosses” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

Dispersive power of a prism is defined as the ratio between angular dispersion to mean deviation produced by the prism.
If dμ denotes the difference between the refractive indices of material of prism for violet and red light,
ω = δμ / μ – 1
Here ‘μ’ is the refractive index of prism for a mean colour. A mean colour is that colour whose wavelength lies in between that of violet and red. For white light, yellow colour is, generally, taken to be the mean colour.
Since μv is always greater than μr, the dispersive power of a prism is always positive. It depends upon the type of glass used. It is different for crown glass and for flint glass.
 

In kreb cycle only one compound consists of 5 carbon atoms it is α –Ketoglutaric acid .

The chemical formula of bleaching powder is CaOCl₂. This compound is commonly used as a bleaching agent in the textile industry and as an oxidizing agent and disinfectant in various other industries due to its strong oxidizing properties.

Empirical formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of various atoms in a compound hence here n=2 and the empirical formula is C₂H₄O.

Amino acids joined by peptide bonds form proteins. Twenty types of amino acids are present in natural proteins.

Sex ratio is the no of female available per thousands of male in a population. Sex ratio is decline due to female feticides alarmingly in some part of India.

Let the oxidation state of pt be x.
Oxidation state of cl is -1.
So x + 0 – (1*3) must be equal to -1 since the charge of the whole compound is -1.
x + 0 – (1*3) = -1
x -3 = -1
x = -1 + 3
x = +2
So the oxidation state of platinum is +2.
Secondary is due to legend there are mono deadened legend 
then 1×4= 4
 

Pachytene: During the third substage of meiosis, the chromosomes continue to condense. Crossing over takes place at this stage and at each point of crossing over a chiasma is formed (singular: chiasma) between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

Fig: Stages of Prophase I of Meiosis

The standard enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements in their most stable states of aggregation is enthalpy of formation.