DSSSB PRT Mock Test - 10 - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT MCQ

As 'Forest' and 'Vivarium' have the same meaning in the same 'Sea' and 'Aquarium' have the same meaning.

As per the given information;

Hence, Rima is in South direction from her starting point.

Option B is the right ans

Hence, Option C is correct.

Amount Manish had = Rs.45
Fraction of the amount spent = 35
∴ Amount left = 

The correct order will be:
Then → it struck me (P)→ how eminently (S)→ suitable it was(R) → of course.(Q)

Option 1 is incorrect because the passage does not necessitate learning and gaining knowledge for everyone. It is just an advisory and it qualifies its advice by stating that one must pursue it if one has the time and the resources for it.
Option 2 is correct. The example given at the very outset highlights the point that it is never too late to study. The passage states some handicaps for studies beyond a certain age. Yet it concludes by saying that if there is "dedication, motivation, and persistence to become a student at a later stage in life," the handicaps cannot be "an insurmountable barrier in the path of one's self-actualisation." Therefore, option 2 is the right answer.
Option 3 is incorrect because the opposite is mentioned in the passage. Refer to the line "Another factor that might get in the way of effective studying after a certain age is your capabilities. ... It is a known fact that with age, our memory, attention, and ability to learn may decrease greatly - studying may become a much more difficult challenge than it could have been when we were younger."
Option 4 is incorrect because it is rather extreme to say that memory decreases 'greatly' making one 'incapable'. Such claims have not been made in the passage.

संपादकीय और समसामयिक विषयों पर प्रकाशित समाचार-पत्र के लेख पाठक को "जागरुक" बनाते हैं। 

Key Points

• गद्यांश  के अनुसार  समाचार पत्र अपने सम्पादकीय तथा समसामयिक विषयों पर लिखे,
• अन्य लेखों के माध्यम से पाठकों की सोच को दिशा देते हैं, और जागरूक बनाते हैं।

Additional Information

गद्यांश  के अनुसार -

• जनतांत्रिक व्यवस्था में समाचार-पत्र की  विशेष भूमिका है। 
• समाचार पत्र अपने सम्पादकीय तथा समसामयिक विषयों पर लिखे
  अन्य लेखों के माध्यम से पाठकों की सोच को दिशा देते हैं, जागरूक करते हैं।
• समाचार-पत्र पाठकों को नागरिक के रूप में उत्तरदायित्व का बोध कराकर जनतंत्र में 'सक्रिय सहभागी" बनाते हैं।

(ऐसी -जहाँ) मिश्र वाक्य का योजक चिन्ह है

शब्द 'स्वागत' में संधि है- 'यण संधि'

• सु + आगत = स्वागत (उ + आ = वा)
• इसमें यण संधि है।
• 'सु' (अच्छा) उपसर्ग और 'आगत' (आया हुआ) मूलशब्द
• अर्थ: अभिनंदन, सत्कार, आवभगत, अभिवादन, इस्तिकबाल।
• विलोम शब्द- 'तिरस्कार'

Key Pointsयण संधि:-

• जब संधि करते समय (इ, ई) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘य‘ बन जाता है,
• जब (उ, ऊ) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘व‘ बन जाता है, जब (ऋ) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘र‘ बन जाता है।
• तो इसे यण संधि कहते है।

उदाहरण-

• अधि + आय = अध्याय (इ + आ = या)
• अनु + एषण = अन्वेषण (उ + ए = वे)
• पितृ + आज्ञा = पित्राज्ञा ( ऋ + आ = र )

Additional Information

शाम होते ही लौट आना।
Explanation: इस वाक्य मै शाम होते ही लौट आने के लिए कहा गया है, जिसका मतलब है कि जिस समय शाम हो जाए उसी समय लौट आना होगा।

सही उत्तर है - ‘अनिश्चयवाचक’।

• ‘कोई आदमी आया है’ - इस वाक्य में अनिश्यवाचक सार्वनामिक​ विशेषण है।
• यहाँ ‘कोई’ शब्द प्रयुक्त हुआ है। अतः ‘कोई’ शब्द अनिश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण की श्रेणी में आएगा।

Key Pointsअनिश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण​ :

जब वाक्य में संज्ञा से पहले ‘कोई’ और ‘कुछ’ जैसे सर्वनाम शब्द आते हैं एवं विशेषण की तरह संज्ञा शब्द की विशेषता बताते हैं,
तो हम इन्हें अनिश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण कहते हैं।
उदाहरण :

• मुझे कुछ चीज़ खानी है।
• कोई आदमी मुझे आता हुआ दिख रहा है।

Important Points

अन्य विकल्प :

​निश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण :

• यदि किसी वाक्य में संज्ञा से पहले 'यह' अथवा 'वह' सर्वनाम जुड़कर उसकी विशेषता बताए तो उन्हें निश्चयवाचक सार्वनामिक विशेषण कहते हैं।
  उदाहरण:
• यह पुस्तक मेरी है।
• वह लड़का है।

प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण :

• ऐसे शब्द जिनका संज्ञा या सर्वनाम में जानने के लिए प्रयोग होता है, जैसे कौन, क्या आदि वे शब्द प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
  उदाहरण:
• तुम कौन सी वस्तु के बारे में बात कर रहे हो?
• विकास के साथ कहाँ गए थे तुम?

संबंधवाचक विशेषण :

• जब विशेषण शब्दों का प्रयोग करके किसी एक वस्तु या व्यक्ति का संबंध दूसरी वस्तु या व्यक्ति के साथ बताया जाए, तो वह संबंधवाचक विशेषण कहलाता है।
  उदाहरण:
• ज्वालामुखियों की भीतरी सतह ज्यादा गरम होती है।
• पेट हमारे शरीर का अंदरूनी हिस्सा है।

Additional Information

• विशेषण की परिभाषा:
  • विशेषण संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के रूप गुण, संख्या, मात्रा, परिमाण, आदि के विशेषता बताते हैं।

हिंदी में विशेषण 4 प्रकार के होते हैं :-

• गुणवाचक विशेषण
• परिमाणवाचक विशेषण
• संख्यावाचक विशेषण
• सार्वनामिक विशेषण

Parents and caregivers play a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and development by providing a supportive and nurturing environment that fosters learning and exploration.

Key Points

• Socioeconomic status, genetics and heredity, and nutrition and health are all factors that can influence a child's growth and development.
• For example, children from low-income families may not have access to nutritious food or adequate healthcare, which can negatively impact their growth and development.
• Similarly, genetics and heredity play a role in determining a child's height, weight, and physical characteristics.

Thus, it is concluded that FavoriteTV show is NOT a factor that can affect the growth and development of preschoolers.

Hint

• A child's favorite TV show does not directly affect their physical growth and development. However, excessive screen time can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which can contribute to weight gain and obesity.

The correct answer is Period of Ovum.

Key Points

• Timeframe: The Period of the Ovum lasts from fertilization up until about two weeks post-fertilization.
• Fertilization: This stage begins at the moment of conception when the sperm penetrates the ovum (or egg) to form a single cell, known as the zygote.
• Rapid Cell Division: Following fertilization, the zygote begins to divide rapidly through a process called mitosis, forming a group of cells.
• Translocation to the Uterus: Around the 4th or 5th day, the group of cells, now known as a blastocyst, moves down the fallopian tube to the uterus.
• Implantation: By the end of this stage, typically around 8 to 14 days after fertilization, the blastocyst has implanted itself in the uterine wall, where it will continue to develop into an embryo.
• Placenta Formation: This is also the stage where structures that support the development of the embryo, such as the placenta, start to form.
• Vulnerable Stage: The stage is critical and highly susceptible to environmental factors.
• Profound genetic or environmental disturbances may prevent the zygote from implanting in the uterus.
• Genes Activation: In this period, certain genes start to function and start the formation of the body plans and subsystems.
• This stage is followed by the embryonic period, which lasts from implantation until about the 8th week of pregnancy.
• It's important to note that the timing may have variations, and different references might slightly differ in the exact days for each period.

A child develops in an orderly sequence which is almost similar in all children. The rate and speed of development may vary in individual cases but the sequence of development patterns

+is almost the same in all children. Thus human development is based on certain principles.

Key PointsPredictable Patterns of Development/ Principle of Sequentiality:

It is one of the most important principles of development that states every individual although exhibit difference in change, they follow the same sequence of change. Child development takes place in two directions, one is from the head-to-toe direction and the second is inward to the outward pattern (centre of the body to the peripheral).

1. The Cephalocaudal Tendency: It exhibits that the development proceeds in the longitudinal direction i.e. from head to foot. That is the reason why a child first gains control over the head before s/he starts walking.
2. The Proximodistal Tendency: It proceeds from near to the distance and from parts of the body near the centre develop first then the extremities. Therefore, the child in the earlier stages of development starts developing the fundamental muscles rather than the smaller muscles or fine motor skills.

Hence, from the given points it can be inferred that both statements are true.

Attachment means an affectional bond or tie between an individual child and an attachment figure (usually a caregiver). These bonds are based on the child’s need for safety, security and protection. The type of attachment developed by the children depends upon the quality of care they receive.

Key Points

Each of the attachment patterns is associated with certain characteristics of behaviour as described in the following-

• Ambivalence or Resistant Insecure Attachment -
  • In general, a child with an anxious-resistant attachment style will typically explore little (in the Strange Situation) and is often wary of strangers, even when the parent is present.
  • When the mother departs, the child is often highly distressed. The child is generally ambivalent when she returns.
• Security Attachment-
  • secure attachment can be seen as the most adaptive attachment style
  • a child becomes securely attached when the parent is available and able to meet the needs of the child in a responsive and appropriate manner.
• Avoidance Insecure Attachment-
  • a child with an anxious-avoidant attachment style will avoid or ignore the parent when he or she returns, showing little overt indications of an emotional response

Thus from above-mentioned points, it is clear that Regularity is not included in the type of attachment.

​Value education should be compulsory all the way through high school.

Key Points

• Experiential and participative learning are the most effective ways to instil attitudes and values.
• Schools must identify appropriate solutions for different stages of value development due to the complexity of the process and the wide range of values to be nurtured.
• the inculcation of values can also be done through conducting various co-curricular activities.
• The value must be felt in social interactions and reinforced through curricular material and procedures.
• that the goal of co-curricular activities should be to instil values among the student.
• Some of the measures and mediums of value education that can be imparted to the students are mentioned below:
  • Role-plays
  • Visit and observe the nearby planetarium
  • Arrange seminars, debates and workshops.
  • Writing diary
  • Special assembly in schools.
  • Stories
  • Mass media access
  • Celebration of Birthdays and International Days
  • Celebrating festivals of different religions.

Therefore, I, II, III are correct.

Additional Information

• Value education should be evaluated on a regular basis based on daily observations of students by teachers and peers.
• The values of culture and that of science are must be proportionally interwoven so that culture can work as a catalyst for sharpening the scientific temperament of the nation's youth.

Explanation:

Ministry of Education (MOE) and the World Bank have signed an agreement for financial support worth Rs. 5718 crore towards the STARS project.

• STARS stands for Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States Program.
• STARS project would be implemented as a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme under the Department of School Education and Literacy, MOE.

Hence, option ‘2’ is the correct answer.

Important Points

• Assertion A: PWD Act, 2016 is based on the principles of respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make one's own choices, and independence of persons. : This Act was introduced to give effect to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and related matters.
  • The Following principles were laid down in the above-mentioned convention: Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make one's own choices, and independence of persons Non-discrimination Full and effective participation and inclusion in society
  • Respect for difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity and humanity Equality of opportunity Accessibility Equality between men and women
  • Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and respect for the right of children with disabilities to preserve their identities.
• Reason R: In India, a child has the right to get admission to any school as per his/her choice. Every child between the ages of 6 to 14 years has the right to free and compulsory education. This is stated as per the 86th Constitution Amendment Act via Article 21A. The Right to Education Act seeks to give effect to this amendment.

Hence, we can conclude that both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

The Portage Guide is a home-based training program that is designed to help parents and caregivers support the development of young children with special needs. The program was developed in the 1970s by psychologist Dr Marc Gold and is based on the principles of early intervention and family-centred care.

Key Points

• The Portage Guide is based on the principles of early intervention, which suggests that the earlier an intervention is provided, the better the outcomes for the child.
• The program also adopts a family-centered approach, which recognizes the important role that parents and caregivers play in their child's development.
• The Portage Guide consists of a series of activity guides that are tailored to the child's individual needs and abilities.
• The guides provide step-by-step instructions for working with children on a variety of developmental skills, such as communication, motor skills, self-help skills, and socialization.
• The activities are designed to be fun, engaging, and developmentally appropriate, and can be easily integrated into the child's daily routine.
• One of the unique features of the Portage Guide is its emphasis on the role of parents and caregivers as the child's primary teacher.
• The program recognizes that parents and caregivers have a unique understanding of their child's strengths, challenges, and preferences, and are therefore best positioned to support their child's development.

Hence, it can be concluded that option 2 is the correct answer.

Formal assessment monitors student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by teachers to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning, whereas summative assessment evaluates student learning at the end of the taught unit or chapter by comparing it against some standard and thus checking how much the child has learned.

Key Points

• The tasks that are used in formative assessment are called formative assessment tasks.
• Some of the formative assessment tasks are:

1. Quizzes
2. Homework assignments
3. In class discussions
4. Surveys
5. Drawing mind maps of the unit/chapter
6. Project
7. Open-ended questions

• The purposes of formal assessment are:

1. Not ranking students, but helping students to identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas of difficulty.
2. To help teachers recognise the difficult areas of the students
3. To evaluate their teaching methodology and adjust curriculum according to the class needs.

Hence, it can be concluded that Ranking the students are not a suitable formative assessment task.

Multigrade situations or teaching refers to teaching different grades in the same classroom setting.

• In some primary schools, a single teacher is teaching students of two or three classes simultaneously in one room.
• Such a multi-class situation is called a Multi-Grade Situation (MGS) and the teaching strategy, a teacher adopts in a Multi-Grade Situation, is known as Multi-Grade Teaching (MGT).
• Such a situation is very common in remote and rural areas with a low population and a small number of students in schools.

Important Points

While managing MGT (as well as multi-level teaching) through a learning-centred approach, the following four important aspects of the teaching-learning process are to be taken care of:-

• classroom organization
• grouping of students
• provision of learning materials planning for a learning situation.
• Classroom organization:
  • The proper classroom organization is one of the important factors that help to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning. This is particularly more important in the case of a multi-grade situation. Utilization of space available in the classroom, suitable seating arrangements of children, proper placing of blackboard and teacher’s table and chair, displaying of learning materials, displaying of students’ creative work, making provision/facilities for students’ activities (both individual and group), i.e. all related to classroom organization.

Thus, it can be concluded that maintenance of class order is a more important competency of the teacher in the case of a multi-grade situation.

It is a wrong assumption that children come with blank minds or a mind like a blank slate to school, they come with a lot of knowledge about many things and their mother tongue is also one of them. Key Points

• It is always suggestible to deal in the mother tongue in the primary stages of a child because as a child is new to the foreign languages or other than his mother tongue the interest and curiosity towards the other languages will be low.
• Since the child in the initial stages does not understand the other languages and if the content is taught in the language the child may not understand anything.
• Teaching in the mother tongue of a child in the initial stages makes learning easier as the child will be able to understand every concept and connect all the dots one by one created by the teacher.
• Once the child becomes confident in learning every point in his mother tongue gradually he develops the curiosity and anxiety to learn the all other languages which are taught in the school as well.

Hence at the primary stage, it will be appropriate to teach in the mother tongue because it will be easier to learn.

Language occupies a key position in the School curriculum.

• Proper language learning means learning the four basic language skills i.e. skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing.
• In order to develop these basic language skills among the learners, you as a teacher have an important role to play.

Key Points Developing language skills:

• While teaching language teacher's aim should be to enable students to:

1. First, listen with understanding;
2. speak effectively in both informal and formal situations;
3. read with comprehension, enjoy various kinds of reading materials;
4. write neatly, with logical sequence and creativity; and
5. use grammar functionally in various contexts.

Hence, it can be concluded that listening skills are the start of language learning.

Noam Chomsky, known as the "father of modern linguistics," has made a crucial contribution in the field of linguistics.

• According to Chomsky, an innate capacity to acquire language is the result of our uniquely human biological inheritance, which is called the 'Language Acquisition Device'.

• A language acquisition device is a hypothetical tool in a child's brain that makes learners able to acquire and produce language. It makes them learn and assimilate the language easily.

Key Points

• He strongly believes that children are born with an innate knowledge of grammar that serves as the basis for all language acquisition.
• According to Chomsky, it refers to a finite set of rules to generate sentences and can be used to produce more sentences in that language.
• Chomsky's universal grammar suggests that all children have an innate ability to acquire, understand, and develop grammar.

Hence, it could be concluded that children have an innate mental grammar, which is a characteristic of Chomsky’s theory.

Education is fundamental for achieving full human potential, developing an equitable and just society, and promoting national development.

Key PointsNational Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental imperatives of our country.

• This Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance, to create a new system that is aligned with the aspirational goals of the 21st century.
• The purpose of the education system is to develop good human beings capable of rational thought and action, possessing compassion and empathy, courage and resilience, scientific temper, and creative imagination, with sound ethical moorings and values.
• Pedagogy must evolve to make education more experiential, holistic, integrated, inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-centered, discussion-based, flexible, and, of course, enjoyable.
• In all stages, experiential learning will be adopted, including hands-on learning, arts-integrated and sports-integrated education, story-telling-based pedagogy, among others, as standard pedagogy within each subject, and with explorations of relations among different subjects.

Hence, it is concluded that Inquiry-based learning, Storytelling-based pedagogy, and Discussion-based classrooms are the pedagogical strategies prposed by National Education Policy 2020.

All types of socialization may be classified into two broad groups, viz. primary socialization and secondary socialization. This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals.

Key Points

• Family satisfies the basic needs of human beings, therefore, it is called a primary institution whereas a school is a secondary social institution because it meets the derived needs of the children.
• The parents are primary socializing agents of the child whereas the school teachers are the secondary socializing agents.
• Inculcation of norms and values within the family is called primary socialization while the process of imbibing norms, values and behavioural patterns of school may be called secondary socialization.
• Primary socialization takes place in infancy and childhood. This is the most crucial stage of socialization as the child learns basic behaviour patterns at this stage.
• Generally, secondary socialization starts from the later stage of childhood and goes up to maturity. However, the process of socialization never stops in life. The school, peer groups and other institutions in which a person is placed in life play the role of socializing agents.

Anticipatory Socialization:

• In modem societies, where the social mobility of individuals and groups takes place more frequently, an individual's loyalty to a particular social group weakens. He starts emulating the values, norms, behaviour patterns of another group in anticipation o.....f being accepted as its member. This kind of socialization is called anticipatory socialization.
• It is based on the reference group theory. According to this theory, the norms, values and behaviour patterns of the individual are determined concerning a particular group or groups.
• For example, individuals who have acquired wealth suddenly try to follow the values aid lifestyle of the upper strata of society. They tend to change their dress, behaviour and even their language and custom. For example, they start demanding dowry and force their womenfolk to observe parda on other 'distancing' customs.

Hence, the correct match is:

• Anticipatory socialization ---Reference Group
• Primary socialization-----Family
• Secondary socialization ---- School

EVS at the primary stage is a single study area. It is envisioned as a composite study area that draws learning experiences and materials from the social, cultural, biological, and other study dimensions.

• The contents of EVS, cover themes like food, water, shelter, etc.
• This helps kids in developing a comprehensive understanding of the topic they are studying as opposed to a fragmented one.

Key PointsThe syllabus in primary classes has been developed within a child-centered perspective of themes that provide a common interface of issues in social studies, sciences, and environmental education.

The syllabus for Classes III-V is woven around six common themes given below:

1. Family and Friends
2. Food
3. Shelter
4. Water
5. Travel
6. Things We Make and Do

Hence, we can conclude that "Food" in the EVS curriculum is a theme. ​