Test: Plant Life - Grade 1 MCQ

Insectivorous plants obtain nutrients by trapping insects, which provide essential nitrogen and other minerals, particularly in nutrient-poor environments. This adaptation helps them thrive where traditional nutrient sources are scarce.

Cotyledons serve a vital function in storing food for the developing embryo within the seed. They can also become the first leaves of the new plant, providing energy for initial growth until the plant can photosynthesize.

A bisexual flower contains both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) reproductive parts, allowing it to self-pollinate or cross-pollinate. This characteristic is essential for reproductive success in many flowering plants.

The first step in seed germination is the absorption of water, which causes the seed to swell and the seed coat to eventually burst. This hydration is crucial for activating the enzymes necessary for growth.

Monocot plants typically exhibit parallel venation, where veins run parallel to each other from the midrib, as seen in examples like banana, grass, and wheat. This contrasts with reticulate venation, which is common in dicot plants like peepal, guava, and mango.

Transpiration helps to cool the plant by releasing excess water vapor through stomata. This process also aids in nutrient transport from the roots to the leaves and maintains the plant's internal water balance.

The petiole is the short, narrow stalk that connects the leaf blade (lamina) to the stem. This structure supports the leaf and allows it to angle towards the light for optimal photosynthesis.

Sessile leaves are directly attached to the stem without a petiole, as seen in plants like zinnia.

The thalamus is the enlarged, flattened tip of the pedicel where the flower's whorls (calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium) arise, attaching the flower to the stem.

The radicle is the part of the seed that develops into the root. It anchors the plant and is the first structure to emerge during germination, allowing the plant to access water and nutrients from the soil.

Self-pollination occurs when pollen is transferred within the same flower or to another flower on the same plant. This method can enhance reproductive efficiency, especially in isolated environments.

Cross-pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of the same species. This process often enhances genetic diversity, which can improve the resilience and adaptability of plant populations.

The pericarp is the fruit wall developed from the ovary wall. It consists of three layers: epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp, which protect the seeds and can aid in their dispersal.

The two main parts of a plant are the root system, which grows below the ground and includes the roots, and the shoot system, which grows above the ground and includes the stem, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits. This distinction is essential for understanding how plants function and adapt to their environments.

Fleshy fruits are characterized by a thick, fleshy pericarp with epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp, as seen in examples like mango and cherry.

The primary function of a leaf is to manufacture food through the process of photosynthesis, where chlorophyll in the leaves converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and oxygen. This process is vital for the plant's growth and energy supply.

Light is not a requirement for seed germination; rather, seeds need water, air (oxygen for respiration), and suitable temperature conditions to activate their metabolic processes and begin growth.

The sepals form the calyx, which is the outermost whorl of a flower. The calyx protects the flower bud before it blooms and can sometimes contribute to the flower's overall appearance.

A compound leaf has its lamina divided into smaller leaflets, as seen in plants like neem and rose.

Leaves exchange gases through stomata, small pores on the lower surface, allowing carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis and oxygen to exit during the day, while oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide released at night.