Test: How Children Think & Learn - CTET & State TET MCQ

The idiographic view emphasizes the uniqueness of each individual, suggesting that each person has a distinct psychological structure. This perspective highlights that personality traits can be so unique that they might not be comparable across different individuals, making case studies a common method for understanding personality.

The Id is the component of personality that operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic urges and desires without consideration for reality or consequences. This primitive aspect of personality is driven by instinctual needs and desires.

Eysenck's personality theory primarily focuses on the influence of biological factors, proposing that individuals inherit certain traits that shape their personality. His model includes dimensions such as introversion/extroversion and neuroticism/stability, which he believed were rooted in biological predispositions.

Psychosexual development in Freud's theory refers to the progression of personality development through several distinct stages during childhood, each characterized by different sources of pleasure linked to the location of the libido. Freud argued that experiences during these stages significantly shape an individual’s personality.

Cattell distinguished between source traits, which are deeper underlying factors that influence behavior, and surface traits, which are more visible and easily observable in individuals. Understanding these distinctions allows for a more comprehensive assessment of personality.

Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes the role of environmental factors and the process of observational learning, suggesting that individuals develop their personality traits by observing and imitating the behaviors of others within their environment, rather than solely through innate drives or psychosexual stages.

Extraversion is characterized by sociability and a craving for excitement, as individuals high in this trait seek stimulation and are often described as lively, talkative, and energetic. This contrasts with introversion, where individuals tend to be more reserved and seek less stimulation.

The superego incorporates societal values and morals, acting as a conscience that can impose feelings of guilt on the ego when it does not conform to these standards. It is essential in regulating behavior according to societal norms and moral codes.

The authoritarian personality theory suggests that individuals raised by strict and critical parents may develop personality traits that predispose them to prejudice. This theory posits that such individuals may displace their aggression towards authority figures onto weaker groups, leading to rigid opinions and prejudicial attitudes.

The 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) was developed by Cattell to measure various personality traits. This tool is designed to provide a comprehensive view of an individual's personality based on 16 distinct factors, making it useful in both clinical and non-clinical settings.