RSMSSB Librarian Grade-III Paper 2 Mock Test- 1 - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) MCQ

The Correct answer is Number of compound subjects tends to be finite.

Explanation

• In library classification, the first division is by disciplines. This ensures that documents are grouped based on their subject matter.
• Basic subjects are postulated by the classification system, which provides a foundation for organizing information.
• Complex subjects are mostly interdisciplinary in nature, meaning they draw from multiple disciplines to form a single subject.
• While classifying a document, we do not determine its subject but the specific subject for co-extensive classification. This means identifying the most precise and specific subject classification for a document.
• The statement that the number of compound subjects tends to be finite is incorrect because the combination of subjects can be numerous and diverse, leading to an infinite number of compound subjects.

Other Related Points

• Compound Subjects:
  • These subjects are composed of a basic class and one or more isolates.
  • The enumerative classification systems such as the DDC or the Library of Congress mostly enumerate compound subjects.
  • Their number is infinite in the universe of knowledge.
  • In a faceted classification these are constructed by the classifier.
  • A compound subject comprises of a basic subject and facets arranged in some systematic order.
  • Eye Medicine, Human Diseases are Examples.
• Basic subjects:
  • ​It is a subject without any isolate idea as a component.
  • A Basic subject is a subject that is Enumerated in the schedules of Basic subjects and is evolved through the full cycle of the spiral of scientific methods as propounded by Dr. S R Ranganathan.
  • Mathematics, Economics, and Law are the Examples
• Complex subjects:
  • ​A complex subject is formed by a combination of two or more subjects-Basic or compound.
  • A complex class is defined as a class comprising two (or more) phases taken from different main classes.

The Correct answer is A, B, C, and D.
Explanation
Basic Components Involved in the Information Retrieval (IR) Process:

• An IR system functions by indexing documents and formulating queries.
• This process matches indexed documents with user queries, retrieves and displays the matched documents, and allows users to select relevant items.
• The search process often iterates, refining queries and indexing through similarity measurement and relevance feedback.

Indexing: Creating Document Representations:

• Indexing involves creating indexes for document collections, allowing quick retrieval.
• This can be manual or automated and is often termed cataloging or metadata assignment in library science.

Query Formulation: Creating Query Representations:

• Transforming a user's query into a formal query representation, manually or automatically.
• This helps predict the document's usefulness concerning the query.

Matching Query with Document Representations: Predicting document relevance by matching query features with document features.
Selection: Users select the most relevant results from the retrieved list.
Relevance Feedback and Interactive Retrieval: Users can refine their queries based on the relevance of initially retrieved items.

The correct answer is R. L. Mittal.
Explanation
The ‘Seven Lamps of Conduct’ that are ‘musts’ for library professionals were suggested by R L Mittal and are as:

• Impersonal book selection
• Service before self
• Split-mind
• Sympathetic behavior
• Tact
• Industry
• Scholarship

Other Related Points
P. S. G. Kumar:

• P. S. G. Kumar is an eminent Indian librarian and academic known for his contributions to library science education.
• He has written several books and articles on library and information science.
• He is particularly known for his work on library management and information technology in libraries.

Amitabh Chatterjee:

• Amitabh Chatterjee is a prominent figure in the field of library and information science in India.
• He has served in various capacities in academic and research libraries.
• He is known for his research on digital libraries and information retrieval systems.

A. K. Mukherjee:

• A. K. Mukherjee is a well-known librarian and academic in India.
• He has made significant contributions to the development of library science education and research.
• His work often focuses on the role of libraries in higher education and research.

Important Points
Ethics of Librarianship:

• Librarians’ Canons of Ethics 1909 was the first set of the ‘Code of Ethics in librarianship in the USA.
• The first code of ethics from ALA was prepared in 1938 by Ms. Flora B Ledington.
• The Library Association (UK) appointed a working party on professional ethics in 1978.
• A K Mukherjee stated 20 points for library ethics.
• Amitabha Chatterjee also contributed to the code of ethics.
• In 1989 Joint Council of Library Association in India (JOCLAI) finalized a draft code of ethics.

The Correct answer is Patent
Explanation

• The following is the schematic representation of the classification of documents as given by Ranganathan.

• Conventional documents are those which are usually recorded on paper in a natural language by writing, typing, printing, or some near-printing process.
  • These include books, periodicals, maps, atlases, etc.
• ​Neo- conventional documents are a new class of micro-documents, such as standards, specifications, patents, data, etc.
• Non-conventional documents are a record in nonconventional size, shape, or material. Audios, visuals, audio-visuals, microforms, etc are included in this category.
• Meta-documents are a record of phenomena made
  directly, unmediated, by the human mind. They are instrument records of natural and social phenomena made possible by instrument technology, photography, radar, etc.

Additional Information

• C W Hanson: Hanson divides documents into two categories - primary and secondary.
• ​Dennis Grogan: Grogan goes further and categorizes documents as primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Important Points

• The concept of Library Arts collage was introduced by Louis Shores.
• ASTAFS was given by Louis Shores.
• Basic Reference Sources and an introduction to materials and methods were written by Louis shores.

The Correct answer is a - (ii), b - (i), c - (iv), d - (iii).
Key Points
Science Citation Index:

• In 1955, Garfield introduced the idea of citation indexing for the sciences, leading to the creation of the first Science Citation Index (SCI)™ by ISI in 1964.
• This innovation marked a transformative moment in information retrieval.
• The SCI, by capturing and connecting cited references in research papers, served as an "association of ideas index," fundamentally changing the landscape of academic information access.
• It is currently owned by Clarivate (formerly Thomson Reuters).
• It is Published in the USA.
• There are three sections in SCI:
  • The Citation Index:
  • Source Index:
  • Permuterm Subject Index:

​SCOPUS:

• Scopus is an abstract and citation database developed by Elsevier and introduced in 2004.
• It comprises a vast collection of academic content, including approximately 36,377 titles, which encompass 22,794 active titles and 13,583 inactive titles.
• To ensure an unbiased and transparent content coverage policy, Scopus, owned by Elsevier, established an independent and international Scopus Content Selection and Advisory Board (CSAB) in 2009.
• The primary goal was to prevent any potential conflicts of interest in the selection of journals for inclusion in the database.
• The CSAB is responsible for assessing various titles for inclusion or exclusion in Scopus.
• Since 2004, they have added 41,525 titles while excluding 688 titles.
• Their re-evaluation policy is based on four key criteria:
  • Publication Concern,
  • Under Performance,
  • Outlier Performance, and
  • Continuous curation.

CiteSeerX:

• CiteSeerX, formerly known as CiteSeer, stands as a public search engine and digital library dedicated to scientific and academic papers, particularly focusing on computer and information science.
• The origins of CiteSeer can be traced back to its creation by researchers Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence in 1997 during their tenure at the NEC Research Institute, now known as NEC Labs, in Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
• Launched in 2008, CiteSeerX maintains its focus on computer and information science while gradually expanding into other scholarly domains such as economics and physics.
• It was developed by researchers Isaac Councill and C. Lee Giles at the College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University.

​Indian Citation Index:

• Indian Citation Index (ICI) was created by "The Knowledge Foundation," a registered society, with the assistance of M/s DIVA ENTERPRISES Pvt. Ltd., a leading provider of customized knowledge products and services in India.
• The ICI database also produces other useful byproducts like Indian Science Citation Index (ISCI), Indian Social Science and Humanities Citation Index (ISSHCI), Indian Journals Citation Reports (IJCR), Indian Science and Technology Abstracts (ISTA), and Directory of Indian Journals (DOIJ).
• ICI, established in October 2009 in New Delhi, covers data from 2004 onward and offers full-text access to Open Access journals, which now number more than 300.
• It connects to Google Scholar for supplementary information and offers analytical tools.

The Correct answer is Daniel Bell.
Explanation
According to the Random House Dictionary (RHD), knowledge can be understood in several ways:

• Acquaintance with facts or principles obtained through study or investigation, indicating general erudition.
• Familiarity or conversance with a particular subject or branch of learning.
• Acquaintance or familiarity acquired through sight, experience, or report, such as knowledge of human nature.
• The state of knowing, implying clear and certain perception of fact or truth.
• Awareness of a fact or circumstance.
• Information or that which is known.
• The accumulation of truths or facts by mankind over time, such as knowledge of celestial bodies like the moon.
• Another approach to defining knowledge traces its roots to the Greek word "gnosis," which is related to the concept of recognition.
  • This suggests that knowledge involves mentally processing experiences, shaping them into identifiable forms, and bringing them into the realm of knowledge through recognition.
• Daniel Bell, a Harvard University Professor of Sociology, defines knowledge as an organized set of statements of fact or ideas, presenting reasoned judgments or experimental results transmitted to others through communication mediums in systematic form.
• Alvin Toffler, the renowned author, expands the notion of knowledge to encompass data, information, images, attitudes, values, and other symbolic products of society, whether true, approximate, or even false.
• In the emerging field of Knowledge Management, Davenport describes knowledge as a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information.

Considering these diverse perspectives, a working definition of knowledge can be formulated:

• Knowledge is a highly organized intellectual product that includes personal experience, skills, understanding of various contexts, assimilation of information, and the recording of these elements in a communicable form.
• This communication of recorded knowledge fosters further growth and development.

The Correct answer is A, B, and C.
Explanation
A segment is a part of the UoK that contains a subject and may act as a component of a subject system.
Characteristics of segments:

• Simultaneous Origin: A segment is created alongside the birth of a subject.
• Dynamic Shape and Size: The form and extent of a segment change over time.

There are four categories of segments such as objects, action, space and time.

• Independent Identity: Each segment has a distinct identity and location within the UoK, separated by space.
• Interconnected Bonds: Segments are linked by invisible bonds, potentially merging to form new segments over time.
• Subdivisions: A segment can split into countless subdivisions and continue to expand.
• Content Sharing: Segments share knowledge without losing their essence, akin to human knowledge sharing.
• Lifecycle: Segments undergo creation (sristi), stability (sthiti), and decay or destruction (laya).
• Emergence: Segments can form anywhere in the UoK when conditions are suitable, signaling the birth of a new subject.

The Correct answer is Table

Explanation

• Ranganathan defines common isolates as "an isolated idea denoted by the same isolate term and represented by the same isolate number, quite irrespective of the compound subject in which it occurs, or the basic subject with which the compound subject goes"
• It could be in the form of an outline, history, theory, or dictionary.

• Anteriorising common isolates
  • Applicable before space facet
    • a - bibliography
    • c - concordance
    • d - table
    • f - atlas
    • k - encyclopaedia
    • m - periodical
    • p - conference proceedings
    • v - history
    • w - biography
• Anteriorising common isolates
  • Applicable after space facet
    • r - periodical administration report
    • s - statistics (serial)
• Anteriorising common isolates
  • Applicable after time facet
    • T - commission report t4 - survey
    • v - source material
    • v46 - genealogy
    • v6 chronology

The correct answer is 1, 3, and 4.
Explanation

• A MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) record is a standardized format for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information.
• The three essential elements of a MARC record are:
  • The record structure: This refers to the physical or logical arrangement of the record.
  • The content designation: This includes the tags, indicators, and subfield codes that identify and characterize the data elements within the record.
  • The data content of the record: This refers to the actual information or data that is being described or cataloged in the MARC record.
• Each of these elements plays a crucial role in ensuring the record is machine-readable and can be effectively used in library catalog systems.

Other Related Points
The data designation: The term data designation could be confusing as it might be mistaken for content designation. However, it is not a standard term used in MARC records.
Content designation: Content designation is a critical aspect of MARC records as it helps in identifying and categorizing the data elements correctly.

The Correct answer is Each directory entry is 24 characters in length.
Explanation
In MARC 21 records, a directory entry comprises three components: tag, length-of-field, and starting character position, providing essential information for locating variable fields within the record.
Directory/Record Directory:

• ​In the MARC 21 structure, a directory entry is composed of three essential components: a tag, the length of the field, and the starting position of the field.
• The directory initiates at character position 24 within the record and concludes with a field terminator.
• It exhibits variable length and comprises fixed fields known as "entries," where each entry corresponds to a specific variable field—whether it is a control or data field—within the record.
• Each directory entry is precisely 12 characters long​

Other Related Points

• MARC, which stands for Machine Readable Cataloguing, is a standardized format for describing items cataloged by libraries and facilitating the exchange of bibliographic information among automated library systems.
• This format was conceived by Henriette Avram at the Library of Congress as a pilot project with the goal of creating records that computers can read and interpret, allowing for seamless sharing of information among libraries.
• Originally, MARC was employed to automate processes related to printing cards or catalogs, including book catalogs and microfiche catalogs. It serves as the foundational format for representing a library's resources in the catalog.
• A MARC bibliographic record consists of three main components: the Leader, the Directory, and the variable fields.

The Correct answer is 1923.

Explanation

• Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH) was initially developed in 1923 by Minnie Earl Sears, with the first edition published under the title "List of Subject Headings for Small Libraries" based on the heading practices of nine small libraries in the United States.
• The fifteenth edition, edited by Joseph Miller in 1994, introduced standard abbreviations such as BT, NT, RT, SA, and UF.
  • BT stands for broader terms, and it entails the preparation of "See also" entries from broader to narrower terms indicated as the preferred heading.
  • NT refers to narrower terms that are subordinated to the preferred heading.
    • The practical implication involves creating cross-references from broader to narrower terms.
  • RT represents related terms, which are entries at the same hierarchical level that are related to the subject in some manner.
    • The use of RT helps in preparing "See" entries on a reciprocal basis.
    • SA is an abbreviation for "See Also," while UF stands for "Used for.
• The title was revised in the sixth edition published in 1950, with the phrase "for Small Libraries" removed.
• Additionally, Isabel Stevenson Monro edited the fourth (1939) and fifth (1944) editions, while Bertha M. Frick oversaw the preparation of the sixth (1950), seventh (1954), and eighth (1959) editions.
• The thirteenth edition, released in 1986, was prepared by Carmen Rovira and Caroline Reyes.

The Correct answer is A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3.

Explanation

• Keyword indexing relies on the utilization of everyday language terms to create index entries.
• The term 'Keyword' pertains to a noteworthy or easily remembered word, often referred to as a 'catchword.'
• In keyword indexing, a number of varieties of keyword indexes are available and they differ only in terms of their formats but indexing techniques and principles are more or less the same.

They are:

• KWWC (Key-Word-With-Context) Index:
  • ​ In KWWC, only the part of the title, instead of the full title, relevant to the keyword is considered as an entry term.
• KEYTALPHA (Key-Term Alphabetical) Index:
  • ​The KEYTALPHA is just a modified form with key terms arranged alphabetically.
  • It is a permuted subject index that lists only keywords assigned to each abstract.
  • Keytalpha index is being used in the ‘Oceanic Abstract’.
• ​​WADEX (Word and Author Index):
  • ​It is an improved version of the KWIC index where along with the keywords, the names of authors are also treated as keywords and thus indexed accordingly.
  • Thus, it appears that WADEX satisfies both the author and the subject.
  • WADEX is used in ‘Applied Mechanics Review’.
  • AKWIC (Author and keyword in context) index is another version of WADEX.
• KLIC (Key-Letter-In-Context) Index:
  • This type of index only takes fragmented words (i.e. key letters), instead of the full word, either at the beginning or at the end of the entry.
  • In this system, the key letters forming the part of the word are specified and the computer retrieves any term containing those letters either at the beginning or at the end of the word.
  • KLIC indexes are almost unknown today, the Chemical Society (London) published a KLIC index as a guide to truncation.​

Other Related Points
Other Versions are:

• Key Word in Context Indexing (KWIC)
• Key Word Out of Context (KWOC)
• Key-Word Augmented-in-Context Index (KWAC)
• Double KWIC

The correct answer is Isolate idea.

Explanation

• An Isolate idea is a single concept or term that is part of a larger, compound subject.
• It is a fundamental element used in indexing, cataloging, and classification systems.
• In the context of a compound subject, an isolate idea represents a distinct and separable unit of thought.
• Isolate ideas are often used in library science and information science to break down complex subjects into manageable components.
• This concept helps in organizing information in a way that makes it easier to retrieve and understand.

Other Related Points

Compound isolate:

• The term Compound isolate is not commonly used in the context of library science or information science.
• It may be confused with compound subjects but does not specifically refer to an idea within a compound subject.

Facet term:

• A Facet term is used in faceted classification systems to describe a specific aspect or dimension of a subject.
• It is different from an isolate idea as it pertains to a specific characteristic or property rather than a single, separable concept.

Basic facet:

• A Basic facet is a fundamental category or aspect in a faceted classification system.
• It is broader in scope compared to an isolate idea, which is a more granular, individual concept.

The correct answer is Intra facet.
Explanation

• Levels of Relations: To make class numbers brief and precise Ranganathan has differentiated each of the six relations into three levels, viz., whether they occur at the level of the main class, facets isolates..
• Phase Relations: When foci involved in some relation belong to two different main classes, it is termed Phase Relation.
  • Difference between Mysticism and Religion.( Difference between Mysticism and Religion.
  • Law for Social Workers (Bias Phase Relation)
• ​Intra-Facet Relations: When the two parts belong to the same main class and same category, but to different arrays, it is termed as Intra-Facet Relation.
  • For example, the difference between Jew and Muslim religions: Here both Jew and Muslim religions belong to the personality facet of the main class Q Religion, but their arrays are different.
• Intra-Array Relations: Ranganathan has carried the division one step further by inventing what he calls Intra-Array Relations.
  • In this case, two foci not only belong to the same facet of a main class but also to the same array of that particular facet.
  • In other words, it is the relation between two equally ranked isolates whose immediate parents are the same.
  • For example: “Relation between the First and the Second House of the Indian Parliament”: Here both the First and Second House belong to the same facet Personality and the same array 3 of [P2] in V History. Thus it is a case of Intra-Array General Relation.

The Correct answer is Cutter’s Expansive Classification.

Explanation

Cutter’s Expansive Classification:

• Cutter’s Expansive Classification, developed between 1891 and 1893 by C. A. Cutter (1831-1903), holds significance for arranging its main classes in an evolutionary order, aligning with the evolution of knowledge.
• Cutter believed that book classification based on knowledge classification possesses enduring value.
• Unlike the rigidity of decimal notation, he utilized alphabets to denote classes.
• The broader classes in Cutter's Expansive Classification include:
  • A Generalia works
  • B/D Philosophy and Religion
  • E/G History and Geography
  • H/K Social Sciences
  • L Sciences and Arts
  • M/Q Biosciences, Medicine
  • R/V Useful arts, Technology, War, Athletics
  • W Fine ArtsX/Y Language and Literature
  • Z Book Art
• Cutter emphasized the evolutionary order in his classification, aligning with the theoretical sequence of appearance in creation.
• For instance, in natural history, the classification progresses from atomic to molecular and then to molar, from number to space, and from matter and force to matter and life.
• Each subject, such as botany, follows a similar logical progression.
• Cutter's classification also reflects the natural order in economics: population → production → distribution → property → consumption.
• While Cutter’s classification is no longer in use, its influence has been significant, particularly on the development of the Library of Congress Classification.
• It was the pioneering library classification grounded in definite and objectively expressed principles, aiming to be more than just a system for shelf arrangement.

The Correct answer is 1961.

Explanation

• The International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (ICCP), conducted in Paris in October 1961 under the auspices of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA), successfully reached an agreement accepted by the majority of participants.
• This agreement has since served as the foundation for subsequent efforts in revising cataloging codes in numerous countries.
• Each clause of the agreement, with one exception, received approval through votes ranging from unanimity to a majority of forty-four to fourteen.
• The exception pertained to a clause where alternative versions, differing more in emphasis than substance, garnered thirty-four and twenty-five votes, respectively, out of a possible sixty-three.
• The functions of the Catalogue stated in this are:
  • The catalog should be an efficient instrument for ascertaining
    • whether the library contains a particular book specified by
      • (a) its author and title, or
      • (b) if the author is not named in the book, its title alone, or
    • (c) if the author and title are inappropriate or insufficient for identification, a suitable substitute for the title; and
  • (a) which works by a particular author and
  • (b) which editions of a particular work are in the library.
• Structure of the Catalogue:
  • To discharge these functions the catalogue should contain
    • at least one entry for each book cataloged, and
    • more than one entry relating to any book, whenever this is necessary in the interests of the user or because of the characteristics of the book

Explanation

• ISO-2709 is an international standard for the format of bibliographic information interchange.
• It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• This standard is used for the representation and exchange of bibliographic data in machine-readable form.
• ISO-2709 defines the structure of records, fields, and subfields, allowing for consistent data sharing and interoperability between different systems.
• The most common implementation of ISO-2709 is the MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) format, widely used in libraries.
• ISO-2709 helps ensure that bibliographic records can be easily transferred and understood across various library and information systems.

Other Related Points

• Z39.83-1
  • Z39.83-1 is a part of the NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol (NCIP) standard.
  • It is primarily used for the exchange of circulation information between library systems, not for bibliographic data.
• ISO/CD 28560-3
  • ISO/CD 28560-3 is a standard related to RFID in libraries.
  • It defines the encoding and data model for the use of RFID tags in library items, focusing on inventory and circulation.
• ISO-2700
  • ISO-2700 does not exist as a standard; it appears to be a typographical error or a fictional reference.

The correct answer is Firmware.

Explanation

• Firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides low-level control for a device's specific hardware.
• It is typically stored in the Read-Only Memory (ROM) of a device.
• Firmware is designed to be permanent and is not usually meant to be modified or updated frequently.
• This software is essential for the basic functioning of hardware devices like computers, mobile phones, and other electronic gadgets.
• Examples of firmware include the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) found in personal computers and the firmware in embedded systems.
• Firmware updates can sometimes be issued to fix bugs or add new features, but these are less frequent than software updates.

Other Related Points

Here are some related terms associated with firmware and ROM:

• Bootloader: A small program stored in ROM that initializes the hardware and loads the operating system when the device is powered on.
• BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): Firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): A type of non-volatile memory used to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed, such as firmware.
• Flash Memory: A type of non-volatile memory that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed, often used to store firmware.
• Microcode: A layer of hardware-level instructions or data structures involved in the implementation of higher-level machine code instructions in central processing units (CPUs).
• PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory): A type of ROM that can be programmed once after manufacturing.
• EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): A type of ROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light and then reprogrammed.

The Correct answer is Planning Commission.

Explanation

• A Working Group on Libraries under the chairmanship of Shri V.K.R.V. Rao was appointed by the Planning Commission in 1964.
• To take stock of public library development in the country.
• The Working Group submitted its report on 7th September 1965.
• V.K.R.V Rao Vijayendra Kasturi Ranga Varadaraja Rao (8 July 1908 – 25 July 1991) was an Indian economist, politician and educator.
• He was a recipient of the Padma Vibhushan. He served as a Union Minister for Education in 1971.
• Elected as a member of Bellary in 1967 and 1971.

Additional Information

Advisory Committee for Libraries (1957):

• Also called as K. P. Sinha Committee, the committee gave its report in 1958.
• The main recommendations of the committee are:
  • to set up an expert committee for the re-organization of the syllabus, teaching methods, and examination in prevailing diploma courses;
  • to provide financial assistance to universities by UGC for establishing a full-fledged library and information science teaching departments; and
  • The teachers in library and information science should have the same terms and conditions as in other departments

National Policy on Library and Information System (1986):

• In 1985, the Government of India set up a Committee (CONPOLIS) with Prof. D.P. Chattopadhyaya as its Chairman.
• It submitted its report in 1986.
• It was further assessed by the Empowered Committee in 1988.
• Its recommendations were examined by the Working Group which gave its report in 1993.
• Its recommendations are for the Public Library system in India.

Library Committee (1957)​

• It was chaired by Dr. S R Ranganathan to look into the functioning of academic libraries.
• The committee recommended that the university departments should offer professional courses leading to bachelor’s degrees, master’s degrees, and Ph.D. degrees and convert all diploma courses into degree courses.

Review Committee on Library Science Education (1965)

• It was again chaired by Dr. S R Ranganathan.
• This committee was set up for the improvement of the standard of LIS education.
• The committee recommended the syllabus of bachelor and master-level courses.
• It gave recommendations about the faculty-student ratio and the formation of independent library science departments.

The Correct answer is Rajiv Gandhi University.

Explanation

• PLANNER (Promotion of Library Automation and Networking in North-Eastern Region) is a biennial convention aimed at advancing academic libraries in India's North-Eastern states, with a special emphasis on library automation and networking.
• Organized by the INFLIBNET Centre in collaboration with universities from the region, PLANNER provides a platform for librarians, LIS educators, students, and experts to discuss themes relevant to modernizing libraries and integrating ICT in library management.
• The inaugural PLANNER was held at North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, Meghalaya on November 6-7, 2003.
• The 2024 edition will be hosted by Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, from September 19-21, 2024.
• The Theme is Libraries in AI Era: Applications and Perspectives

PLANNER Conference Themes

 

Explanation

• DWG (short for "Drawing") is a proprietary file format developed by Autodesk used primarily for storing two- and three-dimensional design data and metadata.
• DWG files are widely used in various fields, including architecture, engineering, and construction, for creating and sharing CAD (Computer-Aided Design) drawings.
• Purpose:
  • Design Storage: DWG files store design data for 2D and 3D models, including geometric data, maps, photos, and object properties.
  • Interoperability: They enable the sharing and collaboration of design projects across different CAD software applications.
• Structure:
  • Binary Format: DWG files use a binary format to efficiently store design data, which makes them smaller in size compared to text-based formats.
  • Complex Data: They can store complex information, including layers, line weights, dimensions, and blocks, which are essential for detailed CAD drawings.
• Advantages:
  • Compatibility: Widely supported by many CAD applications, ensuring ease of data exchange.
  • Detail and Precision: Capable of storing detailed and precise information necessary for technical drawings.
  • Efficiency: Binary format provides efficient storage and faster read/write operations compared to text-based formats.

Other Related Points

• Ebrary
  • Ebrary is a digital library of academic e-books.
  • It provides access to a vast collection of e-books across various disciplines.
  • The platform is used by libraries to provide students and researchers with access to scholarly content.
• METADEX
  • METADEX is a comprehensive database for materials science and engineering.
  • It covers a wide range of topics including metals, alloys, and materials properties.
  • Researchers use METADEX to find scientific and technical information in the field of materials science.
• Dialog
  • Dialog is an online information service known for its extensive databases.
  • It provides access to a wide range of scientific, technical, and business information.
  • Dialog is used by professionals for research and information retrieval.

The correct answer is Diagnostic Analysis.

Explanation

• Diagnostic Analysis is used to identify behavior patterns within data.
• This type of analysis focuses on understanding the causes of certain behaviors or trends in the data.
• It helps in identifying anomalies and understanding the root causes of specific outcomes.
• By examining historical data, diagnostic analysis can provide insights into why something happened.
• It often involves techniques such as data mining, correlation analysis, and statistical analysis.
• Useful in various fields including finance, healthcare, marketing, and operations management.

Other Related Points

• Prescriptive Analysis
  • Prescriptive Analysis focuses on providing recommendations for decision-making.
  • It combines insights from predictive analytics and optimization algorithms to suggest actions to achieve desired outcomes.
  • Commonly used in areas like supply chain management and financial planning.
• Predictive Analysis
  • Predictive Analysis aims to forecast future outcomes based on historical data.
  • It uses techniques like machine learning and statistical modeling.
  • Widely used in fields such as marketing, finance, and risk management.

The Correct answer is A, B, C only

Explanation

• Special Auxiliaries-
  • In UDC the class that contains tables is called special auxiliaries (or special auxiliary numbers).
  • It expresses recurrent aspects but in a limited subject range.
  • They are locally recurrent characteristics, which means they do not have extensive applicability.
  • Special auxiliaries are listed at various places in the tables and express the concepts that are applicable within the subject under which they are so listed.
  • Most special auxiliaries are enumerative.
  • Special auxiliary numbers can be recognized as they all begin with one of these three specific symbols/indicators:
    • .0 (point naught),
    • - (hyphen) and
    • ' (apostrophe).
  • Any UDC number beginning with any of these symbols can be combined with any other UDC number in its designated area of application

Other Related Points

• Common Auxiliary Numbers are part of a classification system used to denote recurring characteristics or concepts that can apply to a wide range of subjects within the classification scheme.
• These common auxiliaries are added to the end of the classification number for a specific subject to provide additional information or context.

The Correct answer is A, B and D only

Explanation

• Ephemeral literature refers to written or printed material that is transitory and not intended to be retained or preserved for a long duration.
• The term "ephemeral" implies a short-lived or fleeting nature, indicating that such materials are meant for immediate use or consumption rather than long-term storage.
• key attributes:
  • Any transitory written or printed matter:
    • ​Ephemeral literature encompasses a wide range of materials, including pamphlets, brochures, posters, flyers, newspapers, and other forms of printed or written content that are designed for temporary use or dissemination.
  • Not intended to be retained or preserved:
    • ​The primary characteristic of ephemeral literature is its temporary nature.
    • It is created with the expectation that it will serve its purpose briefly and then be discarded, as it is not meant for long-term preservation.
  • Shorter lasting value:
    • ​Ephemeral literature typically has a short-lived or limited value, focusing on immediate communication, promotion, or information dissemination.
    • The content may lose relevance quickly, contributing to its ephemeral nature.
• Ephemeral literature includes materials such as:
  • Broadside ballads: Printed songs or poems distributed widely, often related to current events or popular culture.
  • Chapbooks: Small, inexpensive booklets containing stories, poems, or practical information.
  • Abridged classics and legends: Condensed versions of well-known literary works.
  • Almanacs: Annual publications with calendars, weather predictions, and other useful information.
  • Jestbooks: Collections of jokes, anecdotes, and humorous tales.
  • Early versions of newspapers: News sheets or pamphlets from earlier times.

The Correct answer is Organizing research findings from different disciplines around a central theme.

Explanation

• In library science, clustering refers to the process of grouping documents or subjects based on shared characteristics or themes.
• Historically, there has been a tendency to narrow the focus of documents, meaning that compound subjects—those that involve multiple basic subjects—are generally not combined in a single document, except when dealing with complex subjects that require examining phase relations or overlapping areas.
• The idea of clustering helps in organizing and categorizing documents, where related materials are grouped together.
• In the context of library classification, this ensures that users can easily find documents on similar or related subjects.

Explanation

• The principle "Books are for use" emphasizes that the primary purpose of a library is to ensure that books are readily available and accessible to users.
• This principle was proposed by S. R. Ranganathan, who is known as the father of library science in India.
• It highlights the importance of making books available to readers and ensuring that they are not kept locked away or unused.
• The principle encourages libraries to focus on the needs of the users by making sure that books are easy to find and borrow.
• It also implies that the physical condition of books should be maintained so that they are usable for a long time.

Other Related Points

• Every reader should get his book
  • This principle emphasizes that libraries should strive to meet the specific needs of each reader by providing the books they are looking for.
  • It aligns with the user-oriented approach of library services, ensuring that users can find the materials they need.
• Save the time of the reader
  • This principle focuses on efficiency, suggesting that libraries should be organized in a way that minimizes the time users spend searching for information.
  • It encourages the use of catalogs, signage, and other tools to help users quickly find what they need.
• Every book should get his reader
  • This principle suggests that every book in the library should be used and appreciated by readers.
  • It implies that libraries should promote their collections and make users aware of the resources available to them.

The Correct answer is A, B and C only.

Explanation

• Obesity and depression:
  • Obesity and depression are serious issues that can be linked to excessive internet usage.
  • Prolonged use of the internet, particularly on sedentary activities like gaming, social media browsing, and excessive screen time, can lead to physical and mental health problems, such as obesity (due to lack of physical activity) and depression (due to social isolation, cyberbullying, or overuse of social media platforms).
• Age-inappropriate content:
  • The presence of age-inappropriate content is a major concern on the internet.
  • Children and teenagers can easily access content that is not suitable for their age group, which can negatively impact their mental, emotional, and social well-being.
  • This includes explicit content, violent media, or misinformation, which can have detrimental effects on young minds.
  • Regulatory measures such as parental controls and safer internet usage guidelines are critical in addressing this issue.
• Social isolation:
  • Social isolation is another serious issue caused by excessive use of the internet.
  • While the internet can connect people globally, it can also lead to a reduction in face-to-face interactions, leading to social withdrawal or loneliness.
  • Online gaming or excessive social media use may replace real-world relationships, contributing to mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and loneliness.
• Abundant information resources:
  • While abundant information resources are generally a benefit of the internet, the overwhelming volume of information can be both a blessing and a curse.
  • The issue lies not in the abundance but in the challenge of filtering out irrelevant or misleading information, leading to information overload.
  • However, this is typically considered a lesser concern compared to the issues like obesity, depression, or age-inappropriate content.
• Global audience:
  • A global audience is another feature of the internet that opens up numerous opportunities.
  • However, it can also lead to privacy violations, cyberbullying, or harassment.
  • But the fact that the internet has a global reach does not, in itself, constitute a "serious issue" by the definition of the question.
  • Instead, the focus should be on the consequences of the internet's global audience, such as privacy breaches.

The Correct answer is Both 1 and 2

Explanation

• Performance appraisal is a crucial tool in human resource management.
• It aims to align the individual goals of employees with the overall objectives of the organization.
• This alignment ensures that both the employees and the organization are working towards a common purpose.
• Through performance appraisals, employees receive constructive feedback on their work performance, helping them to improve and develop.
• Organizations can use performance appraisals to identify high performers and provide them with opportunities for career advancement.
• It also helps in identifying areas where employees may need additional training or support.
• Performance appraisals can motivate employees by recognizing and rewarding their achievements.

Other Related Points

• Goals of employees
  • Focusing solely on the goals of employees without considering organizational objectives can lead to misalignment and inefficiency.
  • Employees might pursue personal goals that do not contribute to the organization’s success.
• Goals of organisation
  • Focusing only on organizational goals can result in employee dissatisfaction and disengagement.
  • Employees may feel undervalued and unmotivated if their personal growth and career aspirations are ignored.

The Correct answer is D, E, B, A, C

ExplanationSSRN:

• The Social Science Research Network (SSRN) is a repository for preprints aimed at rapidly disseminating scholarly research in various fields, including social sciences, humanities, life sciences, and health sciences.
• Acquired by Elsevier in May 2016, SSRN is an eLibrary and search engine, not an electronic journal.
• Founded in 1994 by financial economists Michael C. Jensen and Wayne Marr, SSRN was ranked the world's largest open-access repository in January 2013 by Ranking Web of Repositories.
• This ranking was based on the number of PDF files, backlinks, and Google Scholar results.
• After Elsevier's acquisition in May 2016, SSRN founder Michael C. Jensen highlighted new opportunities from the merger, such as a broader global network and enhanced data resources.
• Despite predicting potential conflicts of interest, he considered them manageable.

NDLTD:

• The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) is a global organization that supports the creation, sharing, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs).
• Established in 1996, NDLTD began with an informal steering committee.
• As the organization grew internationally, it became formally known as the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
• In 1998, NDLTD began organizing annual symposia to help universities launch ETD projects, starting with the University of Tennessee Health Science Center.
• These events have since been held globally, including at Humboldt University in Berlin in 2003.

DOAJ:​

• Established in 2003 with an initial 300 open-access journals, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a website that houses a community-curated list of open-access journals. It is maintained by Infrastructure Services for Open Access (IS4OA).
• DOAJ is dedicated to enhancing the visibility, accessibility, reputation, usage, and impact of high-quality, peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly research journals on a global scale, without any restrictions based on discipline, geography, or language.
• DOAJ is a founding member of Think. Check. Submit. and actively contribute to this initiative as a longstanding committee member.
• Launched in 2015, Think. Check. Submit. emerged in response to concerns about predatory publishing and the increasing array of unfamiliar publishing avenues confronting researchers in scholarly communications.
• In 2023, DOAJ marked its 20th anniversary with a year-long campaign, featuring three distinct events themed around 'Open,' 'Global,' and 'Trusted.'

​Hathi Trust:

• ​The HathiTrust Digital Library, established in October 2008, serves as a collaborative repository for digital content from various research libraries.
• It includes digitized material from initiatives such as Google Books and the Internet Archive, along with locally digitized content by libraries.
• Initially founded by twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and eleven libraries of the University of California, the partnership has grown to encompass over 60 research libraries in the United States, Canada, and Europe.
• The governance structure is collaborative, and the costs are shared among participating libraries and consortia.
• Administered by the University of Michigan, HathiTrust's executive director is Mike Furlough, succeeding founding director John Wilkin in 2013.

ScienceOpen:

• ScienceOpen is a web-based platform that hosts open-access journals, offering free access for readers, authors, and publishers.
• ScienceOpen was founded in 2013 by Alexander Grossmann.
• It generates revenue through promotional services for publishers and authors' institutions.
• Based in Berlin with a technical office in Boston, ScienceOpen is a member of CrossRef, ORCID, the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, STM Association, and the Directory of Open Access Journals.
• It was recognized as one of “10 to Watch” by Outsell in 2015.