MH SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 1 (Political Science) - MAHA TET MCQ

Both Assertion- In the first three general elections, India produced a 'one party dominance' model, which is different from one party system and Reason- Till 1967, the Congress party had exclusive control over governmental power both at the Centre and also in most of the states of India are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

The Public Accounts Committee consists of not more than twenty-two members, fifteen elected by Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament, and not more than seven members of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament.

In political philosophy, the general will is the will of the people as a whole. The term was made famous by 18th-century French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 

Right to Information Act 2005 is available to Indian citizens only.
Right to Information (RTI) is act of the Parliament of India to provide for setting out the practical regime of the right to information for citizens and replaces the erstwhile Freedom of information Act, 2002. Under the provisions of the Act, any citizen of India may request information from a "public authority" (a body of Government or "instrumentality of State") which is required to reply expeditiously or within thirty days. The Act also requires every public authority to computerise their records for wide dissemination and to proactively certain categories of information so that the citizens need minimum recourse to request for information formally.

Aristocracy refers to the rule by elite citizens; a system of governance in which a person who rules in an aristocracy is an aristocrat. It has come to mean rule by “the aristocracy” who are people of noble birth. 

The correct answer is Aruna Asaf Ali.

• Aruna Asaf Ali was not a member of the Constituent Assembly of India.
• Aruna Asaf Ali was an Indian independence activist.
• She is best known for her role in the Quit India Movement of 1942, when she hoisted the Indian National Congress flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay during the protest's launch.
• She was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1997.
• However, she was not a member of the Constituent Assembly, which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India post-independence.

The central feature of Immanuel Wallerstein's work is World System theory. The main characteristic of his definition is the development of a global division of labour, including the existence of independent political units at the same time.

The members of the cabinet hold office during the pleasure of the President is correct about Presidential form of Government.

Environmental Green parties originated from new social movements started in 1970s in Europe. This parties are developed due to rise of environmental awareness and the development of new social movements. The famous 1972 Club of Rome Report, Limits of Growth, is symbolic for the larger and long-term problems associated with environmental destruction caused by governmental environmental policies, that have often succumbed to economic pressures.
Thus, the Correct answer is D.

Some of the countries with uncodified/unwritten constitutions include Israel, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom(England), and Canada.

Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first chairman (temporary) of Constituent Assembly. Later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president and Its vice-president was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian from Bengal and former vice-chancellor of Calcutta University.

The correct answer is ​1, 2 and 3 only.

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated on 9th January every year to strengthen the engagement of the overseas Indian community with the Government of India and mark the contribution of the Overseas Indian community in the development of India. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• January 9 was chosen as the day to celebrate this occasion since it was on this day in 1915 that Mahatma Gandhi, the greatest Pravasi, returned to India from South Africa, led India’s freedom struggle and changed the lives of Indians forever.

PBD conventions are being held every year since 2003.

• PBD Convention is the flagship event of the Ministry of External Affairs and provides an important platform to engage and connect with overseas Indians. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.
• Since 2015, its format has been revised to celebrate the PBD once every two years and to hold theme-based PBD Conferences during the intervening period with participation from overseas diaspora experts, policymakers and stakeholders.

It is in the PBD convention, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards are presented by the President of India.

• The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award is the highest honour conferred on a Non-Resident Indian, Person of Indian Origin; or an organisation or institution established and run by Non-Resident Indians or Persons of Indian Origin, who have made a significant contribution in better understanding of India abroad, support India's causes and concerns in a tangible way, community work abroad, the welfare of local Indian community, philanthropic and charitable work, etc. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

'Non-resident Indian' is an individual who is a citizen of India or a person of Indian origin and who is not a resident of India.

• Thus, in order to determine whether an individual is a non-resident Indian or not, his residential status is required to be determined under Section 6. As per section 6 of the Income-tax Act 1961, an individual is said to be a non-resident in India if he is not a resident in India and an individual is deemed to be resident in India in any previous year if he satisfies any of the following conditions:
  • If he is in India for a period of 182 days or more during the previous year; or
  • If he is in India for a period of 60 days or more during the previous year and 365 days or more during 4 years immediately preceding the previous year.
• However, in respect of an Indian citizen and a person of Indian origin who visits India during the year, the period of 60 days as mentioned in above shall be substituted with 182 days.
  • A similar concession is provided to the Indian citizen who leaves India in any previous year as a crew member or for the purpose of employment outside India. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Veerappa Moily.

• The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) was constituted on 31 August 2005, as a Commission of Inquiry, under the Chairmanship of Veerappa Moily.
• The ARC is the committee appointed by the Government of India for giving recommendations for reviewing the public administration system of India.
• The first ARC was established on 5 January 1966.
• The Commission submitted its report in 15 parts from June 2006 to May 2009.

The correct answer is Michel Foucault.

• Paul-Michel Foucault was a French philosopher. HIs. Foucault's theories primarily address the relationship between power and knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions.
• According to Foucault power is everywhere. 'Relationships of power' exist everywhere and everyone can execute power.
• Power is a process, not a thing. It’s local and unstable. Like The Force, it permeates everything.
• Power  is produced from one moment to the next, at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. 

The given statement is thus given by Michel Foucault.

Freedom of press is implied from the Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution. Thus the press is subject to the restrictions that are provided under the Article 19(2) of the Constitution. Before Independence, there was no constitutional or statutory provision to protect the freedom of press.

India is no committed judiciary, The Supreme Court of India could not remain aloof to this idea of committed judiciary.
Committed Judiciary refers to the judiciary which is committed to uphold the policies of the government in power by interpreting the laws and the Constitution in a way palatable to the Government in power.

Under the cabinet government, the state is administered under the nominal executive head.
The Governor is the Chief Executive in a State. All the executive powers of the State Government are vested upon him and decisions are taken in his name. He appoints the Chief Minister and his Council of Ministers. He may dismiss the members of the Council of Ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister.

Thomas Hobbes constructed his Political Philosophy on the basis of his postulates derived from Principles of Natural Science.

• His political philosophy is chiefly concerned with the way in which government must be organized in order to avoid civil war.
• According to Hobbes the two most certain postulates of human nature is 'postulate of natural appetite' and 'the postulate of natural reason'.
• He calls the natural condition of mankind, a state of violence, insecurity and constant threat.
• He recommended peaceful life under an authoritarian-sounding sovereign.

The correct option is 'The state as the embodiment of national will takes precedence over the rights of individuals'.

Rajni Kotliari argues that the party system in India evolved from an identifiable political centre, which was primarily comprised of educated, urban, upper-caste individuals belonging to the middle and upper classes. This socio-economic background was influential in shaping the early political landscape in India during the nationalist movement.

The correct answer is (Inclusive representation of diverse groups and protection of minority rights)

Rights are the sum total of those opportunities which ensure enrichment of human personality. They are the basic condition of good life which are recognized. by the state. According to Laski, 'Rights, infect are those conditions of social life without which no, man can seek,in general, to be, his best.

The correct Answer is Disarmament 

• The idealist school of thought in international relations proposed to replace the "balance of power" concept with principles like disarmament and the promotion of peace through diplomacy. 
• Idealists emphasize the importance of international cooperation, the rule of law, and the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

The correct answer is Integrative approach: Parties work together to develop mutually beneficial solutions, maximizing joint gains.

• Public administration, as an aspect of a more extensive governmental system, is characterized by its emphasis on serving the public interest and managing public resources. This often requires the negotiation and reconciliation of diverse and sometimes conflicting interests.
• The collaborative model, a well-regarded practice in public administration, aligns well with the integrative approach to conflict management.
• This approach, following the concepts of thinkers like Mary Parker Follet, encourages parties involved in a conflict to cooperate and find creative solutions that satisfy everyone's interests, thereby maximizing joint gains.
• Unlike competitive or distributive models, the integrative approach doesn't look at conflict resolution as a zero-sum game, aiming instead for a win-win outcome.
• Moreover, this model fosters a cooperative environment that stimulates open communication, mutual respect, and collective decision-making.
• This approach serves the dual purpose of not just resolving conflicts but developing stronger partnerships, building trust, and promoting better understanding of different perspectives, essential facets in public administration.
• The integrative approach also enables the innovative generation of solutions and ideas that may not have surfaced in a competitive or avoidant atmosphere. Thus, it reinforces democratic values, respectful dialogue, and acknowledges the importance of diverse interest groups, vital in the realm of public administration.

The correct answer is Foreign Policy. 

• Kautilya propounded his Mandala Theory in his famous work named Arthashastra. 
• He gave this theory for any prospective king who wishes to rule over the world. 
• Kautilya played an important role in instituting Mauryan Dynasty at the throne of Magadha in 4th Century BC. 
• He guided King Chandragupta Maurya to overthrow the ruling dynast and gain the seat of Magadha. 

Thus we can conclude that Kautilya's model theory related to foreign policy.

Antonio Gramsci a renowned Italian philosopher was also a founding member of the Italian Communist Party. During his prison life he wrote on several topics which were published later as ‘Prison Notebooks’. His notion of hegemony is considered to be the most significant and original contribution. Gramsci talks about two categories of intellectuals- traditional intellectuals and organic intellectuals.
For Gramsci, philosophy of praxis is an interaction of theory and practice. In ‘Prison Notebooks’, he wrote that his philosophy of praxis is a reformed and developed form of Hegelianism. He treated Marxism as the philosophy of praxis.
Thus, option D is correct.

Totalitarian polity related to a form of government in which the political authority exercised absolute power and centralized control on the state, and citizen are subordinate to state, no political opposition. Germany Under Hitler and Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin are popular examples of the totalitarian regimes. North Korea and Eritrea have totalitarian regime.

Febian Society was established in the year 4 January 1884.

The correct answer is Option A.

• The US military machine is an Intimidating and colossal beast.
• For years the US has ranked as the top nation for military spending by a significant margin.
• The US defense budget accounts for 38 percent of global military spending, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
• The US has some of the most advanced weaponry at its disposal and about 800 military bases outside the United States.
• The US Air Force is the world's largest air force, the US Navy is the world's largest navy by tonnage, and the US Navy and the US Marine Corps combined are the world's second largest air arm.
• The national defense total in the 2022 omnibus spending bill is $782 billion, a 3.9 percent increase over the administration's request for 2022 and a 5.6 percent increase over the 2021 appropriations.