EMRS PGT Biology Mock Test - 1 - EMRS MCQ

Vasco da Gama reached India:

Vasco de Gama becomes the first European to reach India via the Atlantic Ocean when he arrives at Calicut on the Malabar Coast on 20 May 1498.

Babur started Mughal dynasty:

Babur, who laid down the foundation of the rule of a new dynasty in India in 1526 A.D.

Sepoy mutiny:

A revolt of the sepoy troops in British India (1857-59), resulting in the transfer of the administration of India from the East India Company to the crown known as Sepoy Mutiny.

• Suresh Tendulkar committee was constituted to review the concept of the poverty line in 2005. The committee recommended to shift away from the calories model.
• Lakdawala committee was constituted to consider methodological and computational aspects of estimation of proportion and number of poor in India.
• Wanchoo committee was constituted to look into industrial development for the backward areas and to recommend fiscal and financial incentives for industries in these areas.
• Dutt committee was constituted to inquire into the working of the licensing system in India.

Low Inflation is the single digit change in the Rate of Inflation annually. Low inflation encourages consumers to buy goods and services because delay would mean that they would have to pay more for the same product. Low Inflation is causes due to deflation or negative inflation. When the prices fall because of the supply of goods is higher than the demand for those goods.

The Mac Mohan Line is the international boundary line between India and China and it was proposed by Henry Mac Mohan in 1914.

Given statements: A > B, B > C, C = D, D < E

On combining: A > B > C = D < E

Conclusions:

I. B = D → False (as B > C = D → B > D thus clear relation between B and D)

II. B > D→ True (as B > C = D → B > D)

Therefore, only conclusion II is True.

Since the middle term is not distributed in both the premises, no conclusion can be framed. Secondly, if both the premises begin with "Some" no conclusion can be reached.

Sanjana - 8th from left
Anshul - 17th from right
after interchanging their positions are:
Sanjana - 14th from left
So, 17+14-1= 30
therefore option 'D' is correct

According to the question,
Lakshmi is elder than Meenu
Lakshmi > Meenu
Leela is elder than Meenu but younger than Lakshmi
Lakshmi > Leela > Meenu
Latha is younger than both Meenu and Hari but Hari is younger than Meenu
Meenu > Hari > Latha

On arranging the above data, we get
Lakshmi > Leela > Meenu > Hari > Latha

Hence, Latha is the youngest.

So Option D is correct

(1)³ = 1, (2)³ = 8, (3)³ = 27

Therefore, (4)³ = 64.

Ctrl + V  is the shortcut key to add content on the clipboard to your document in MS-PowerPoint.

• Microsoft PowerPoint is a part of MS- Office.
• It was introduced to generate business presentations, slide shows, and graphics on a computer system.
• Uses of MS- PowerPoint:
• Creating business application presentation slides.
• Creating graphical objects with animations.
• Create artistic slides for general use, using the art gallery.
• To provide training in the business world.

Relative References

• With relative cell referencing, when we copy a formula from one area of the worksheet to another, it records the position of the cell relative to the cell that originally contained the formula.
• This is the default mode of referencing in a spreadsheet.
• All cell references are relative references by default.
• It is convenient where a user needs to repeat the same calculation across multiple rows or columns.
• When copied across multiple cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and columns.
• For example: if user wants to copy the formula = A1+ B1 become= A2+B2.

• The file system used by Windows 95 is FAT32. Windows 95 (Symbolic name 'Chicago') is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released on August 24, 1995.
• Although the initial release doesn't t use FAT32, the later version of windows 95 used FAT32.

Positive and Negative Sides of Life
Both print media and electronic media play a crucial role in projecting various aspects of life to the audience. While some may argue that they should focus solely on the positive side of life, and others may argue for the negative side, it is important for both forms of media to project both the positive and negative sides of life. This ensures a balanced and realistic portrayal of the world we live in.
Importance of Projecting Positive Side

1. Inspiring and Motivating: Showcasing the positive side of life through print and electronic media can inspire and motivate individuals. It can provide them with hope, encouragement, and a sense of optimism.
2. Highlighting Achievements: Positive stories about achievements, success, and breakthroughs in various fields can be shared through media platforms, inspiring others to strive for greatness.
3. Promoting Well-being: Positive news stories, health tips, and lifestyle features can promote physical and mental well-being among the audience. This encourages a positive outlook on life and fosters a healthy society.

Importance of Projecting Negative Side

1. Raising Awareness: Projecting the negative side of life through media serves as a platform to raise awareness about social issues, injustices, and problems that need attention. It brings these issues into the spotlight, encouraging discussions and actions for change.
2. Holding Accountable: Media has the power to hold individuals, organizations, and governments accountable for their actions. By highlighting the negative aspects, media can expose corruption, wrongdoing, and unethical practices, promoting transparency and accountability.
3. Realistic Portrayal: By portraying both the positive and negative sides of life, media provides a realistic representation of the world we live in. This helps individuals develop a well-rounded understanding of different situations, challenges, and perspectives.

Provide a variety of learning experiences
When it comes to learners, it's important to acknowledge that they display individual differences. Each student has their own strengths, weaknesses, learning styles, and preferences. As a result, it is not effective for a teacher to insist on a uniform pace of learning for all students. Instead, a teacher should aim to provide a variety of learning experiences to cater to the diverse needs of their students.
Benefits of providing a variety of learning experiences:

• Catering to different learning styles: Students have different learning styles, such as visual, auditory, or kinesthetic. By providing a variety of learning experiences, teachers can ensure that they engage students with different learning preferences. Some students may benefit from visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities. By incorporating different approaches, teachers can help students absorb information more effectively.
• Promoting active learning: Providing a variety of learning experiences encourages active learning. It allows students to participate actively in the learning process rather than being passive recipients of information. For example, incorporating group discussions, debates, or hands-on experiments can foster critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and collaboration among students.
• Addressing different strengths and weaknesses: Students have varied strengths and weaknesses in different subjects or areas. By offering a range of learning experiences, teachers can focus on addressing individual weaknesses and building upon students' strengths. For instance, providing extra practice exercises, individualized assignments, or project-based learning activities can help students overcome their weaknesses and excel in areas where they have inherent strengths.
• Enhancing motivation and engagement: A variety of learning experiences can create a more engaging and motivating learning environment. When students are exposed to different activities, they are more likely to stay interested and motivated in their studies. This can result in increased participation, improved attention, and better overall academic performance.
• Encouraging personal growth: By providing diverse learning experiences, teachers can help students develop a broader range of skills and abilities. Students can explore new subjects, discover their interests, and develop a growth mindset. This can contribute to their personal growth, self-confidence, and lifelong learning.
   

Content Coverage
Content coverage refers to the extent to which the question paper encompasses the relevant subject matter or topics that were taught during the course. It ensures that the questions adequately assess the students' understanding and knowledge of the specific testing objectives.
Importance of Content Coverage
Content coverage is crucial because it ensures that the question paper tests the specific testing objectives effectively. By including a wide range of questions that cover different aspects of the subject matter, teachers can gauge the students' overall comprehension and application of the concepts taught in class. It helps in evaluating the students' strengths and weaknesses in relation to the learning objectives.
Ensuring Content Coverage
To ensure content coverage in a question paper, teachers should consider the following:

1. Reviewing the Learning Objectives: Carefully review the specific testing objectives or learning outcomes that were outlined for the course. This will help in identifying the key concepts and topics that need to be covered in the question paper.
2. Mapping Questions to Objectives: Create a mapping between the questions and the specific testing objectives. Each question should align with one or more objectives to ensure comprehensive coverage. This ensures that the question paper adequately represents the content that was taught.
3. Balancing Difficulty Levels: Ensure that the question paper includes questions of varying difficulty levels, ranging from easy to challenging. This allows for a comprehensive assessment of the students' understanding and mastery of the subject matter.
4. Including Different Question Types: Incorporate different question types such as multiple-choice, short answer, and problem-solving questions. This helps in assessing different cognitive skills and ensures that the content coverage is not limited to a particular type of question.
5. Avoiding Bias: Ensure that the question paper is free from bias or favoritism towards certain topics or concepts. The questions should be evenly distributed across the different content areas to provide a fair and unbiased assessment.

Family as a Means of Informal Education
Family plays a significant role in providing informal education to individuals. Informal education refers to the learning that occurs outside of formal educational settings, such as schools or colleges. It is a lifelong process that happens through daily activities, experiences, and interactions with family members.
Socialization:

• Family is the first social unit that a child encounters and is exposed to various social norms, values, and behaviors.
• Through socialization within the family, children learn how to interact with others, develop communication skills, and understand societal expectations.

Language and Communication:

• Members of a family often communicate in their native language, which enables children to acquire language skills.
• Children learn vocabulary, grammar, and communication strategies by observing and engaging in conversations with family members.

Cultural Transmission:

• Families are the primary agents of cultural transmission, passing down traditions, customs, beliefs, and values from one generation to another.
• Children learn about their cultural heritage, history, and identity through storytelling, celebrations, and participation in family rituals.

Moral Values and Ethics:

• Families instill moral values and ethical principles in children, teaching them right from wrong and guiding their behavior.
• By observing how family members interact, children learn about empathy, honesty, respect, responsibility, and other important values.

Life Skills:

• Families teach practical life skills to children, such as cooking, cleaning, personal hygiene, and financial management.
• Through everyday activities and responsibilities, children gain essential skills that prepare them for adulthood and independent living.

Emotional Development:

• Family provides emotional support, care, and love to its members, fostering emotional development.
• Children learn to express and regulate their emotions, develop empathy, and build healthy relationships within the family context.

Problem-Solving and Decision-Making:

• Families provide opportunities for children to engage in problem-solving and decision-making processes.
• By involving children in family discussions, decision-making, and sharing responsibilities, they learn critical thinking skills and develop autonomy.

Glycolysis (Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway)) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C₆H₁₂O₆ into pyruvate, CH₃COCOO⁻ + H⁺.

'Market' is to advertise some product so that it can be sold. Hide is to hold something back and prevent it from being promoted. Thus, option 2 is the apt antonym for the question given.
Example- As soon as some consumers reported flaws in the product, it was hidden from the public eye.

The correct option is Option 3, i.e., ‘equanimity’.
The sentence talks about how the wife of President Madison could remain calm during an invasion as well. This ability of ‘remaining calm and composed in a difficult situation’ is what is meant by ‘equanimity’. Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The sentence puts forward a proposition that the government is planning to launch a new scheme in the future that will be working then. Thus, the verb forming the sentence has to be in the future continuous tense. 
Thus option 3 is correct as 'will be launching' is in future continuous tense.

Rule- If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the verb in the reported speech is not changed at all. 
Thus, as the tense of the sentence is present, it is to remain the same. Option 2 is correct.

अघोष ध्वनि का युग्म हैं-प,फ।

Key Pointsअघोष ध्वनि-

• स्वनविज्ञान और स्वनिमविज्ञान में अघोष (voiceless या surd) वह ध्वनियाँ (विशेषकर व्यंजन) होती हैं जिनमें स्वर-रज्जु में कम्पन नहीं होता है।

अघोष ध्वनि है-

• देवनागरी के हर नियमित वर्ग में पहले दो वर्ण अघोष होते हैं।
• उदाहरण- ​
  • क/ख, च/छ, त/थ, ट/ठ, प/फ अघोष हैं।

Important Pointsध्वनि-

• ध्वनि (Sound) एक प्रकार का कम्पन या विक्षोभ है जो किसी ठोस, द्रव या गैस से होकर संचारित होती है। किन्तु मुख्य रूप से उन कम्पनों को ही ध्वनि कहते हैं जो मानव के कान (Ear) से सुनायी पडती हैं।

Additional Informationघोष ध्वनि-

• अघोष ध्वनि के विपरीत घोष (voiced) वह ध्वनियाँ होती हैं जिनमें स्वर-रज्जु में कम्पन होता है।
• देवनागरी के हर नियमित वर्ग में बाद के दो घोष होते हैं।
• उदाहरण-
  • ग/घ, ज/झ, द/ध, ड/ढ, ब/भ घोष हैं।

सही उत्तर "मैं" है।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में, 'मैं' शब्द निपात का उदाहरण नहीं है।
• 'मैं' शब्द 'उत्तम पुरुष सर्वनाम' है।
• किसी भी बात पर अधिक भार देने के लिए जिन शब्दों का प्रयोग किया जाता है निपात कहलाता है।
• जैसे- भी, तो, तक, केवल, ही, मात्र आदि।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

उदाहरण:

• राधा ने मुझसे बात तक नहीं की।
• कल से मैं भी आपके साथ स्कूल आऊंगा।
• राम को आज रात रुकना ही पड़ सकता है।
• उपरोक्त उदाहरणों में तक, ही, भी शब्द वाक्यों को बल दे रहे हैं।

Important Points

• वे शब्द जिनमे लिंग, कारक, वचन, पुरुष आदि के कारण कोई विकार/ परिवर्तन उत्पन्न नहीं होता है, अव्यय शब्द कहलाते है।
• जैसे – आज, कब, इधर, किन्तु आदि।
• अव्यय के पांच भेद हैं –

Additional Information

• ​संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त होने वाले शब्दों कोसर्वनामकहते हैं।
• जैसे - मैं, वह, वे, उन्हें, अपने तुम, हम आदि।

• पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम के प्रकार:
  • हिंदी में पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम तीन प्रकार के होते है:
  • उत्तम पुरुष सर्वनाम- जिस सर्वनाम का प्रयोग वक्ता/बोलने वाला लिखने वाला खुद के बारे में बताने के लिए करता है।
  • जैसे: मैं, मुझे, मुझको, मेरा, मेरी, हमारी, हम, हमारा, हमें आदि।
  • मध्यम पुरुष सर्वनाम- जिस सर्वनाम का प्रयोग वक्ता सुनने वाले व्यक्ति के लिए करता है।
  • जैसे: तुम, तुमको, तुझे, तू, आप, आपने आदि।
  • अन्य पुरुष सर्वनाम- जिस सर्वनाम का प्रयोग वक्ता किसी तीसरे व्यक्ति के बारे में बताने के लिए करता है, तब इस सर्वनाम का प्रयोग होता है।
  • जैसे: यह, वह, ये, वे, आदि।

• ‘ढूँढ-ढाँढ’ समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म नहीं है।
• ढूँढ का अर्थ : खोज, तलाश।
• अन्य सभी समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द हैं।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प :

• कटिबद्ध- तैयार या तत्पर।
• कटिबंध- कमरबंद, कमर पर बाँधा जाने वाला आभूषण।
• करकट- कूड़ा कचरा।
• कर्कट- केकड़ा।
• क्रांति- विद्रोह।
• क्लांति- थकावट।

Additional Information

• समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द - वे बोलचाल में लगभग एक जैसे लगते हैं, परन्तु उनके अर्थ में भिन्नता होती है। ऐसे शब्द ‘समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द’ कहलाते हैं।
  जैसे- घन और धन दोनों के उच्चारण में कोई खास अन्तर महसूस नहीं होता परन्तु अर्थ में भिन्नता है।

अन्य उदाहरण :

• अवधि - अवधी
• ग्रह - गृह
• जलद - जलज
• निश्छल - निश्चल

पंचसिंधु शब्द के लिए सही द्विगु समास के विग्रह का विकल्प पाँच सिन्धुओं का समूह होगा।

• जिस समास में पूर्वपद संख्यावाचक हो, द्विगु समास कहलाता है।
• पंचसिंधु मे पंच शब्द संख्या वाचक है।
• अन्य उदाहरण- नवरत्न, तिराहा, चौराहा आदि।

Key Pointsसमास :- समास का तात्पर्य है ‘संक्षिप्तीकरण’।

दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर बने हुए एक नवीन एवं सार्थक शब्द को समास कहते हैं।

समस के भेद -

सही उत्तर 'सरल वाक्य' है।

Key Points

• 'गीता ने कहानी लिखकर पुरस्कार प्राप्त किया।' वाक्य 'सरल वाक्य' है।
• मुख्य रूप से इसमें हम साधारण वाक्य की जानकारी ही प्राप्त कर पाते हैं जिसमें एक उद्देश्य और विधेय होता है और जिसमें कई प्रकार की क्रिया पदों का भी समावेश होता है।

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

• विचार को पूर्णता से प्रकट करनेवाली एक क्रिया से युक्त पद-समूह को 'वाक्य' कहते हैं।
• सरल शब्दों में- वह शब्द समूह जिससे पूरी बात समझ में आ जाये, 'वाक्य' कहलाता हैै।

सही उत्तर 'क्रिया-विशेषण' है।

• 'क्रिया-विशेषण' शब्द-भेद अव्यय कहलाता है।
• वे शब्द जिनमे लिंग, कारक, वचन, पुरुष आदि के कारण कोई विकार/ परिवर्तन उत्पन्न नहीं होता है, अव्यय शब्द कहलाते है।
• जैसे – आज, कब, इधर, किन्तु आदि।
• अव्यय के पांच भेद हैं –क्रिया-विशेषण, सम्बन्धबोधक, समुच्चयबोधक, विस्मयादिबोधक और निपात।​

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

• संज्ञा - किसी प्राणी, वस्तु, स्थान, गुण या भाव के नाम को संज्ञा कहते है।
• जैसे -राम, गंगा, पटना, नदी, पर्वत, लड़की आदि।
• सर्वनाम वे शब्द होते हैं जो संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयोग किये जाते हैं।
• जैसे - तू, तुम, वे आदि।
• विशेषण-जो शब्द संज्ञा या सर्वनाम शब्द की विशेषता बताते है उन्हें विशेषण कहते है।
  • जैसे:- राम काला है।
  • राम :- संज्ञा
  • काला:- विशेषण

Additional Informationअव्यय के पांच भेद हैं –