APSET Paper 2 Mock Test - 10 (History) - AP TET MCQ

• In 1441, Shah Rukh of Persia sent Kamal-ud-din AbdurRazzaq as an emissary to Vijayanagar.
• AbdurRazzaq wrote his travels in the
  • Malta-us-Sadain(The Rise of Two Auspicious Constellations) and
  • Majma-ul-Bahrain(The Confluence of Two Oceans)
• He visited India during the reign of Devi Rai II, the emperor of Vijayanagara Empire.

Various school of art developed in India and received patronage from art-loving kings, especially Kushanas. Gandhara style of Buddhist art developed from a merger of Greek, Syrian, Persian and Indian artistic influences. Grey sandstone was used; the images were more expressive as body details were finely carved. They were further beautified with wavy hair. Mathura Art was indigenously developed and later cross-fertilized with Gandhara art. Mostly centred in and around Mathura, it used red sandstone with mud, stucco, etc. The Andhra sculpture is generally known as Amravati schools. All the railings of the Amravati stupa are made out of marble, while the dome itself is covered with slabs of the same material. Unfortunately, the entire stupa is in ruins.

The government of India Act was passed on 2nd August 1858. Indigo revolt took place in the year 1859. In 1860, the Indigo commission was appointed. Indian Council Act was passed in 1861 and received Royal Assent on 1st August. The famine of North-Western provinces Agra, Oudh, Punjab took place in 1861.

Among the given options, A.R. Desai is a 'leftist' historian.

Key Points

• The two books which heralded the beginning of Marxist historiography in India were India Today by R. Palme Dutt and Social Background of Indian Nationalism by A.R. Desai.
• A.R. Desai’s book, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, has been a very popular book and several editions and reprints of this book have been published since its first publication on 1948.
• It has also been translated into many Indian languages.
• It is another thoroughgoing account of the colonial period and the rise of nationalism from a Marxist perspective.
• Akshay Ramanlal Desai was an Indian sociologist, Marxist and a social activist and was a 'leftist' historian.

• He makes an attempt to understand a political and economic history of Indian society.

Hence, we can conclude that among the given options, A.R. Desai is a 'leftist' historian.

All the above-mentioned options were reasons in part for the causes of revolt but option 4th is the best summation of all the other options and reasons herein not stated.

Thus The Indian Rebellion of 1857 occurred as the result of an accumulation of factors over time, rather than any single event greased cartridges.

For instance, nobility, many of whom had lost titles and domains under the Doctrine of Lapse, which refused to recognize the adopted children of princes as legal heirs, felt that the Company had interfered with a traditional system of inheritance. Similarly oppressive revenue demand and judicial system along with with perceived and real religious onslaught by missionaries also spread dissatisfaction among people. Administrative innovations and social reforms were also in part responsible for distrust among people towards British.

Uddyotana Suri is the author of Jain literature Kuvalayamala.

Key Points

• In 779 AD, the scholarly monk Uddyotana Suri composed a long novel named Kuvalayamala.
• This Jain literature was written in kavya style and in a mixed form of prose and verse.
• It was named after name of its central character the Princess Kuvalayamala.
• Much like Bana, who recounts the story of the love affair between Prince Candraplda and the Apsaras Kadambari, Uddyotana presents to his readers the quest of Prince Kuvalayacandra for Princess Kuvalayamala.
• Uddyotana Suri skillfully integrates this story into the adventure of religious initiation undergone by the characters struggling against their own passions who attain deliverance in the end.

• The author was able to present a mirror of the complexity of the world with all its sufferings and all of its joys and to convey to his audience the fundamental value of Jainism.

Therefore, we can conclude that Uddyotana Suri is the author of Jain literature Kuvalayamala.

Additional Information

Lingayatism is a distinct religious tradition in India. It is centred on Hindu God Shiva as the universal God in the iconographic form of Ishtalinga. The adherents of the faith are known as Lingayats. Lingayatism was founded by the 12th century philosopher and statesman Basava, and spread by his followers who were called Sharanas.

Alwars were Tamil poet-saints of South India who espoused bhakti (devotion) to the Hindu Supreme god Vishnu or his avatar Krishna in their songs of longing, ecstasy and service. They are venerated, especially in Vaishnavism, which regards Vishnu or Krishna as the Supreme Being. Andal was a woman Alwar who was devoted to Vishnu. Her compositions were widely sung.

The Nayanars were a group of 63 saints (also saint poets) in the 6th to 8th century who were devoted to the Hindu God Shiva in Tamil Nadu. They, along with the Alvars, influenced the Bhakti movement in Tamil. A Nayanar devoted to Shiva adopted a path of extreme asceticism.

Advaita philosophy of Shankara taught that it was only by knowledge that one could worship God. It is a Vedantic doctrine that identifies the individual self (atman) with the ground of reality (brahman).

Megasthenes has mentioned an Officer Astynomoi who was related with 'Town Officials'.

Key Points

• Megasthenes was an ambassador who was sent to the court of Chandragupta Maurya by the Greek ruler, Seleucus Nicator.
• He wrote a book entitled ‘Indica’ which gives information about the Mauryan period.
• In his book, Megasthenes mentioned about the administration of the capital city, towns and rural areas.
• The capital city and towns was administered by officials called 'Astynomois'.
• The rural areas were administered by officals called 'Agronomois'.
• The 'Astynomois' were 30 in number and were divided into 6 committees of 5 members each.
• These committees were in charge of:
  • ​industrial arts
  • entertainment and surveillance of foreigners
  • maintaining records of births and deaths
  • trade and commerce
  • supervising the public sale of goods

  • collection of taxes on merchandise sold in the market

Hence, we can conclude that an officer Astynomoi was related with 'Town Officials'.

Sheikh Jamalluddin, a Persian scholar, who is also known as second Khusrau of Delhi and wrote 'Siyar-ul-Arifin', was patronised by Sikandar Lodi.

Key Points

• Sheikh Jamalluddin was a 16th-century poet and Sufi of the Suhrawardiyya sect.
• He was a Persian scholar and is also known as second Khusrau of Delhi.
• He was a poet at the court of Sultan Sikandar Lodi who patronised him.
• The Sultan who himself was a poet (he wrote poetry under the pen-name Gulrukh) patronized learning and literary acquisitions and used to show his poetry to Sheikh Jamalluddin for corrections and improvement.
• Sheikh Jamalluddin wrote Siyar-ul-Arifin in Persian which is an account of the Chishti and Suhrawardi Sufis of the period.

• He also authored other works called Masnawi, Mihr wa Mähi Shaikh and a Diwan of verses.

Hence, we can conclude that Sheikh Jamalluddin, a Persian scholar, who is also known as second Khusrau of Delhi and wrote 'Siyar-ul-Arifin', was patronised by Sikandar Lodi.

The correct answer is A - 3, B - 1, C - 5, D - 2, E - 4

Key Points

• Maitrakas
  • The Maitraka dynasty ruled western India (now Gujarat) from approximately 475 to approximately 776 CE from their capital Vallabhi.
  • There were a total of 19 kings ruled in this dynasty but the majors are,
    • Bhatarka
    • Dharasena I
    • Dronasimha
    • Dhruvasena I
    • Guhasena
    • Dharasena II
    • Siladitya I
    • Dhruvasena II
    • Dharasena Iv
• The Kalachuris
  • ​The Kalachuris, also known as Kalachuris of Mahishmati were an Indian dynasty that ruled in west-central India between the 6th and 7th centuries.
    • Krishnaraja
    • Shankaragana
    • Buddharaja
• The Vardhanas
  • ​Vardhana Dynasty also called Pushyabhuti Dynasty,
  • They ruled in northern India during the 6th and 7th centuries.
    • Pushyabhuti
    • Nāravardhana
    • Rājyavardhana I
    • Adityavardhana
    • Prabhakaravardhana
    • Rajyavardhana
    • Harshavardhana
• The Chalukyas
  • ​The Chalukya dynasty was a Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and 12th centuries.
    • Jayasimha
    • Vishnuvardhana II
    • Vishnuvardhana III
    • Vijayaditya II
    • Gunaga Vijayaditya III
    • Vijayaditya VI
• The Shailodbhava
  • ​The Shailodbhava (IAST: Śailodbhava) dynasty ruled parts of eastern India during the 6th-8th centuries.
    • Shailodbhava
    • Raṇabhīta
    • Mahārāja Mahāsāmanta Mādhavarāja I
    • Mahārāja Yaśhobhīta
    • Madhyamarāja I

    • Madhyamarāja II

The correct matching of the 'Historian' with their respective 'School of History' is: (a) - i, (b) - ii, (c) - iii, (d) - iv

Key Points

• Tara Chand:
  • ​Tara Chand was an Indian archaeologist and nationalist historian specialising in the ancient history and culture of India.
  • Tara Chand held the view that India has been a nation-in-the-making since the 19th century.
• Dipesh Chakrabarty:
  • ​Dipesh Chakrabarty is an Indian historian, who has made contributions to postcolonial theory and subaltern studies.
  • He argues that from the very beginning, the Subaltern Studies was different and ‘raised questions about history writing that made a radical departure from English Marxist historiographical tradition inescapable’.
• Rajani Palm Dutt:
  • ​Rajani Palme Dutt, generally known as R. P. Dutt, was a leading journalist and theoretician in the Communist Party of Great Britain.
  • His classic book India Today heralded the Marxist approach in Indian historiography.
• Mountstuart Elphinstone:
  • ​Mountstuart Elphinstone was a Scottish statesman and colonial historian, associated with the government of British India.
  • His work History of Hindu and Muhammedan India (1841) became a standard text in Indian universities (founded from 1857 onwards) and was reprinted up to the early years of the next century.

  • Elphinstone followed this up with History of British Power in the East, a book that traced fairly systematically the expansion and consolidation of British rule till Hastings’ administration.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that the correct matching of the 'Historian' with their respective 'School of History' is:

The Ryotwari Settlement concerns with annual agreements which was made among cultivators for sake of Pattas. Further it is noticed that Government was Landlord and peasants were Land Owners which possess patta by paying annual cash rents, making statements 1 and 2 correct. Statement 3 is also correct as and revenue was assessed as per fertility of land where average assessment in cash would be Re. 1/acre.

The Prarthana Samaj:

• Founded in 1867.
• Founded by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang, Mahadev Govind Ranade & Ramakrishna Bhandarkar.
• It is one of the prominent social reform & social work movements in India.
• The leaders of the Prathana Samaj were influenced by the Brahmo Samaj.
• It is believed that true love for God lies in the service of people with any differentiation.
• The Prarthana Samaj adhered to the tradition of Bhakti that believed in spiritual equality of all castes.
• In Bombay, the Paramhans Mandali was founded in 1840 to work for the abolition of caste
• It had faith in a single, almighty God i.e: Monotheism.
• It didn't reject the Vedas but emphasized Bhakti towards God.
• Subodh Patrika was regulated to propagate the ideas & views of the Prarthana Samaj in society.

Additional Information

Features:

• They emphasized Widow remarriage & Women education. (Hence, statement 3rd is incorrect)
• They were against the caste system and the practice of untouchability.
• They showed discontent towards the caste system.
• They fought for the increase in the marriage age of both males & females.
• They opened night schools & reading rooms.​

The correct answer is 1,2,3 and 4.

Important Points

• During the Chalcolithic period, both metal and stone were used to make tools in daily life.
• The Chalcolithic cultures followed the Harappan culture of the Bronze Age.
• It spanned from about 2500 BCE to 700 BCE.
• Most of the people were rural and lived in hills and near rivers.
• The people of the Chalcolithic age depended on hunting, fishing and agriculture.
• Migration and dispersal of population groups are often cited as reasons for the origin of the different cultures of the Chalcolithic.
• Since this was the beginning of the first metal age in India, during this period copper and its alloy bronze, which melts at a lower temperature, were used in the manufacture of various objects.

• Rajasthan, Malwa, Maharashtra, Gujarat and northern Deccan were the main areas of this period.

Thus 1,2,3 and 4 are correct.

Labour unrest and Trade Unions:

• Strikes were organized on the issue of rising prices and racial insults in foreign-owned companies. Eg.
  • In September 1905, more than 250 Bengali clerks of the Burn Company, Howrah walked out in protest against a derogatory work regulation.
  • In July 1906, a strike of workers was organized in the East Indian Railway which resulted in the formation of a Railwaymen’s Union.
  • Between 1906 and 1908, strikes in the jute mills were very frequent.
  • Subramania Siva and Chidambaram Pillai led strikes in Tuticorin and Tirunelveli in a foreign-owned cotton mill. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • In Rawalpindi (Punjab), the arsenal and railway workers went on strike led by Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • However, in 1908, the labor unrest subsided under strict action.
• An attempt was also made to give political expression to the economic grievances of the working class by organizing these strikes.
• The question is asking about incorrect statements. Accordingly, D is correct.

The republican state of Sakya was situated near the border of Nepal. Mahatma Buddha belonged to the family of the Sakyas. The republican state of the Sakyas had a federal constitution. Its capital was Kapilavastu.

By the Charter Act of 1793, the trade monopoly of the Company was extended for a further twenty years. The Company was responsible for paying salaries to the staff and paid members of the Board of Control.

Deoband movement was founded by Maulana Hussain Ahmed at Deoband (UP) in 1866. It gave a liberal interpretation of Quran, accepted English education and also preached Hindu-Muslim unity. Ahmediya Movement also known as Khidayani Movement was founded at Khidayan in west Punjab by Mirza Ghulam Ahmed. It was the most organized movements against the activities of Arya Samaj and Christian missionaries in Punjab. Aligarh Movement refers to all the activities of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan for the overall development of Muslims in India. He realized the importance of English education and founded Anglo-Mohammedian School at Aligarh in 1875. Aharan movement was founded by Maulana Md. Ali, Zafar Ali and Hakim Azmal Khan at Lucknow against the loyalist policies of Sir Syed Ahmed. The movement gave the call for Hindu-Muslim unity.

Megasthenes was a Greek literary who came to India during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya. His book 'Indica' is a book that depicts the social and political life of the Mauryan period.

Aitchison Commission was a Public Service Commission which was set up in the year 1886. As per the committee recommendation Maximum age of entry in civil service was fixed at 23. Statutory Civil Service should be abolished. Simultaneous examination in England and India should be stopped. Two-tier classification of Civil Service (Covenanted and Uncovenanted) would be replaced by three-tier classification (Imperial, provincial, and subordinate).

The correct answer is 2 only.

• After the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement by Gandhi, the British government initiated talks with Indian leaders.
• Three round table conferences were held between 1930 to 1932.

Important Points

• The First Round Table Conference:
  • The Conference was inaugurated by King George V on November 12, 1930, in London.
  • It was chaired by the British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • From India, 58 political leaders and 16 members representing the princely states participated in the conference.
  • Leaders from India who participated in the conference:
    • Hindu Mahasabha: B.S Monjee and M.R.Jayakar.
    • Sikhs: Sardar Ujjal Singh.
    • Muslim League: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammed Shafi, Aga Khan.
    • Depressed classes: Dr BR Ambedkar, Rettamalai Srinivasan.
  • Indian National Congress didn't participate in the First Round table conference.
  • The Viceroy of India was Irwin at that time.
  • Aim:
    • To create division between Indians through the "Divide and Rule" policy.
    • To discuss the constitutional reforms mentioned in the report of the Simon Commission.
    • To pacify the increase of nationalism in India under the leadership of Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
• Second Round Table Conference (1931):
  • It was held in London.
  • Gandhi & the Indian National Congress participated in it.
  • Participants:
    • The British PM James Ramsay Macdonald.
    • Indian National Congress: Mahatma Gandhi, Rangaswami Iyengar, Madan Mohan Malaviya.
    • Hindus: M R Jayakar.
    • Liberals: Tej Bahadur Sapru.
      • ​Hence, statement 3 is correct.
    • Depressed classes: Dr B R Ambedkar.
    • Muslims: Md. Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Iqbal etc.
    • Women: Sarojini Naidu etc.
  • The composition of Indian Federation held.
  • The structure of Federal Judiciary recommended.
  • Distribution of financial resources.
  • Ramsay McDonald announced the formation of NWFP & Sindh.
    • Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
  • The British granted a communal award for representing minorities in India by providing separate electorates for minority communities.
  • Gandhi & Ambedkar had different opinions on the issue of separate electorates for the untouchables.
  • Gandhi was against treating untouchables separate from the Hindu community.
  • This issue resulted in the Poona Pact of 1932.

Additional Information

• Third Round Table Conference (1932):
  • Participants:
    • The INC & the Labour Party didn't attend it.
    • Only 46 delegated attended like Tej bahadur Sapru, BR Ambedkar.
    • BR Ambedkar was the only person who attended all three conferences.

Akbar initially followed Sher Shah’s revenue systems, particularly the Zabt System. Raja Todar Mal was made the Revenue Minister of Akbar and was known as ‘Diwan-i-Ashraf’. Todar Mal introduced ‘Bandobast’, a revenue assessment system that classified land into four categories, i.e., Polaj (best tract), Parauti (second best), Checher (third grade) and Banjar (least fertile). On the basis of the average produce for the last 10 years, the category of land was decided and accordingly tax was levied.

The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor-General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. According to the doctrine, any princely state or territory under the direct influence (paramountcy) of the British East India Company, as a vassal state under the British subsidiary system, would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a male heir". We note here that Dalhousie practically applied this doctrine on dependent states only.

Dalhousie applied the doctrine of lapse vigorously for annexing Indian princely states, but the policy was not solely of his invention. The Court of Directors of the East India Company had articulated this early in 1834. As per this policy, the Company annexed Mandvi in 1839, Kobala and Jalaun in 1840 and Surat in 1842. 

The correct answer is 1 only.

Key Points

• The ryots of the Deccan region of western India suffered heavy taxation under the Ryotwari system.
• Here again, the peasants found themselves trapped in a vicious network with the moneylender as the exploiter and the main beneficiary.
• These moneylenders were mostly outsiders- Marwaris and Gujaratis. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• In 1874, the growing tension between the moneylenders and the peasants resulted in a social boycott movement organized by the ryots
  against the "outsider" moneylenders.
• The ryots refused to buy from their shops. No peasant would cultivate their fields. The barbers, washermen, and shoemakers would not serve them.
• This social boycott spread rapidly to the villages of Poona, Ahmednagar, Solapur, and Satara. Soon the social boycott was transformed into agrarian riots with systematic attacks on the moneylenders' houses and shops.
• The debt bonds and deeds were seized and publicly burnt.
• The Government succeeded in repressing the movement.
• As a conciliatory measure, the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act was passed in 1879.
• This time also, the modern nationalist intelligentsia of Maharashtra supported the peasants' cause. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

The Indian Universities Act was passed in the year 1904 during the time of Lord Curzon. It was established by the recommendation of Releigh Commission.

The correct answer is Asokan Rock Edict IV.Key Points

• According to the passage, Aśoka succeeded to the throne of Pātaliputra by winning a fratricidal war.
• However, Asokan Rock Edict IV contradicts this tradition.
• Asokan Rock Edict IV, as mentioned in the passage, reveals that Aśoka regretted the violence and bloodshed caused by the Kalinga war.
• He expressed remorse for the suffering endured by people as a result of the war, emphasizing the plight of pious men and women who experienced personal violence, death, or separation from their loved ones.
• In the edict, Aśoka renounced war as a means of governance and proclaimed his commitment to conquest through Dharma, which refers to the pursuit of righteous actions and moral principles.
• He established a network of missions to spread the teachings of Dharma and declared that all men were his children.
• Aśoka's primary objective was to alleviate the suffering of all creatures, bring happiness to people in this life, and enable them to attain heaven in the next.

• As Asokan Rock Edict IV contradicts the notion of a fratricidal war and presents Aśoka as a remorseful emperor who renounced violence, it provides evidence that challenges the traditional account of Aśoka's rise to power through fratricide.

Hence we conclude that the correct answer is Asokan Rock Edict IV.

The correct option is 4^th

Key PointsRamakrishna Paramahansa:

• Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya is the original name of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa.
• Ramakrishna Paramahansa was a poor priest at the Kali temple in Dhakshineswar, Calcutta.
• He is popularly known as 'The Saint of Dakshineswar'.
• He is well known as the guru of Swami Vivekananda.

Swami Vivekanand

• Swami Vivekanand was the religious guru who influenced Indian as well as western philosophy through his teachings.
• He was born as Narendranath Dutta in Calcutta on 12 January 1863.
• He was the chief disciple of Swami Ramakrishna Paramhamsa.
• He founded Ramakrishna Matha and started the Ramakrishna Mission.
• He founded the Ramakrishna Mission in May 1897.
• He gave his most famous speech at the Parliament of World's religions in Chicago in 1893.
• Swami Vivekanand wrote the book 'Raja Yoga' and the book was published in July 1896.
• The book was his interpretation of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.
• In 1984 the Government of India declared that 12 January, the birthday of Swami Vivekananda, will be celebrated as National Youth Day.

Additional Information

Swami Dayanada Saraswati:

• A social and religious reformer Swami Dayananda Saraswati was born ​On 12 February 1824 at Tankara located in Gujarat.
• He founded the Arya Samaj on April 7, 1875.
• Arya Samaj led a prolonged movement against untouchability and advocated the dilution of caste distinctions.
• He also started practising yoga during this time. His teacher in all things spiritual was Virajanand Dandeesha.
• He preached against the giving of donations to priests. He also challenged established scholars and won debates against them through the strength of the Vedas.
• He stressed the importance of education for all children and preached respect and equal rights for women.

Three different schools of Art represent Buddhism to a large extent. Mathura school of Buddhist art was developed by the Sunga dynasty. It comprises of images of Buddha in sitting postures, in deep meditation with Gyan Chakra (Wisdom Wheel) behind his head. Gandhara school of Art was developed by Kushan dynasty. It is representative of the influence of Greek and Roman traditions. Buddha is shown with thick curly hair, drapes, greek-like, masculine physique modeled on Apollo, always in standing posture and preaching like a teacher. Amravati School was developed by the Satvahana dynasty. It is the most decorative form. The at is depicted on white limestone slabs where the theme of Buddha’s life is engraved in all kinds of postures.

Calcutta was the capital of India from the year 1773 to 1911. In the year 1911 Delhi became the capital of India. Calcutta was the center point of revolutionary activities at that time and it was located far away from central India. That is why the British transferred the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.