All questions of Himalayas: Northern Mountains for SSC CGL Exam

This division is characterized by high snow-covered peaks, deep valleys, and interlocked spurs. Major ranges include Karakoram, Ladakh, Pir Panjal, Zanskar, and Dhauladhar.

Physiographic Division of India: Himalayan Rivers
The correct answer to the question regarding the physiographic division of India characterized by the deposition process of the Himalayan Rivers is indeed option 'A', The Northern Mountains. Here’s a detailed explanation:
Characteristics of The Northern Mountains
- The Northern Mountains, primarily comprising the Himalayas, are known for their majestic peaks and deep valleys.
- They act as a significant source for several major rivers, including the Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra.
Deposition Process
- As these rivers flow from the high altitudes of the Himalayas to the plains below, they carry a substantial amount of sediment.
- The erosion of the mountainous terrain contributes to the sediment load, which is then deposited in the riverbeds and floodplains.
- This process of deposition creates fertile alluvial plains, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic region, making it one of the most productive agricultural areas in India.
Impact on Geography
- The deposition process also influences the geography of the region, leading to the formation of river deltas and various landforms.
- These landforms are essential for understanding the ecological and agricultural dynamics of Northern India.
Conclusion
In summary, The Northern Mountains are characterized by the deposition processes of the Himalayan Rivers, which drastically shape the geography, ecology, and agriculture of the region. This understanding is crucial for the SSC CGL exam and provides insight into India's diverse physiographic divisions.

The Central / Nepal Himalayas are known for fast-flowing rivers like Teesta and tea plantations due to good rainfall throughout the year and mild winters.

The Sub Himalayas or Shiwaliks are characterized by ranges made of clay, sand, gravel, slate, and boulders. The Doon valleys are situated in this region.

The Trans Himalayas, also known as the Tibetan Himalaya, include ranges like Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailas, and Karakoram. Mount Kailash and Nanga Parbat are significant peaks in this region.

Overview of the Greater Himalayas (Himadri)
The Greater Himalayas, also known as Himadri, is one of the major mountain ranges in the world, forming the northern boundary of the Indian subcontinent. It features some of the highest peaks on Earth, including Mount Everest and K2.
Average Height
- The average height of the Greater Himalayas ranges between 6000 meters (m) to over 8000 meters (m).
- This elevation is significantly higher than other mountain ranges, making it the tallest mountain range globally.
Key Characteristics
- Geological Formation: Formed from tectonic activity, the Greater Himalayas consist of ancient rocks and are characterized by steep slopes and deep valleys.
- Climate: The region experiences extreme climatic conditions, with heavy snowfall in winter and moderate temperatures in summer.
Importance
- Biodiversity: The Greater Himalayas are home to diverse flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to the region.
- Water Sources: They serve as a crucial source of rivers for the Indian subcontinent, including the Ganges and Indus rivers.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the option 'c' (6000 m) accurately represents the average height of the Greater Himalayas, highlighting its significance as one of the most prominent mountain ranges on Earth.

Understanding Precipitation Patterns in the Himalayas
The precipitation patterns in the Himalayas are significantly influenced by the orographic effect, which results from the mountains' topography.
The Southern Slopes: A Rain Shadow Effect
- The southern slopes of the Himalayas, which face the Indian subcontinent, receive more precipitation primarily due to the southwest monsoon winds.
- These winds carry moisture from the Indian Ocean and, upon hitting the southern slopes, rise and cool, leading to condensation and heavy rainfall.
- The lush green forests and rich biodiversity on these slopes are a direct result of the abundant rainfall.
The Northern Slopes: Drier Conditions
- In contrast, the northern slopes of the Himalayas are situated in a rain shadow region.
- As the moisture-laden winds ascend over the southern slopes, they lose most of their moisture before descending on the northern side, resulting in significantly lower precipitation.
- The northern slopes, often characterized by arid conditions, support different ecosystems, primarily composed of cold deserts.
Conclusion
- The primary difference in precipitation between the southern and northern slopes of the Himalayas is that the southern slopes receive more precipitation due to the direct influence of the monsoon winds.
- Understanding these patterns is crucial for comprehending the ecological and climatic diversity within this majestic mountain range.

The Eastern Himalayas, also known as the Assam Himalayas, are narrower and show dominance of fluvial erosion. The region includes notable features like Patkai bum, Naga hills, and Manipur hills.