All questions of The Art of Cubism for Grade 7 Exam

All are correct

Khajuraho sculptures are located in Madhya Pradesh, India.

Khajuraho is a group of Hindu and Jain temples located in Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh. The temples were built during the Chandela dynasty between 950 and 1050 AD.

The Khajuraho temples are famous for their intricate and exquisite sculptures that depict various aspects of Indian life, mythology, and culture. The sculptures are known for their sensuous and erotic depictions, which have made Khajuraho a popular tourist destination.

The Khajuraho temples were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. Today, the temples attract visitors from all over the world who come to admire the beauty and artistry of the Khajuraho sculptures.

State with the highest number of national protected monuments in India:
There are several states in India that are home to national protected monuments, but the state with the highest number of such monuments is Karnataka. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Karnataka:
- Karnataka has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which is reflected in the numerous national protected monuments located within its borders.
- The state is known for its architectural wonders, ancient temples, palaces, and archaeological sites.
- Some of the famous national protected monuments in Karnataka include the Hampi Group of Monuments, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the Pattadakal Group of Monuments, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Other notable monuments in Karnataka include the Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur, the Mysore Palace in Mysore, and the Chennakesava Temple in Belur.
- Karnataka's historical significance and the preservation of its monuments make it the state with the highest number of national protected monuments in India.
2. Other states:
- Uttar Pradesh: While Uttar Pradesh is home to numerous historical sites and monuments, including the iconic Taj Mahal in Agra, it does not have the highest number of national protected monuments in India.
- Delhi: Delhi, the capital city of India, also boasts several national protected monuments, such as the Red Fort, Qutub Minar, and Humayun's Tomb. However, it does not have as many national protected monuments as Karnataka.
- Rajasthan: Rajasthan is known for its magnificent forts, palaces, and temples. While it has a significant number of national protected monuments, it is not the state with the highest count.

In conclusion, Karnataka has the highest number of national protected monuments in India due to its rich historical and cultural heritage.

The Storehouse of World Art Collections
The storehouse of world art collections is known as the Salarjung Museum. Here's a detailed explanation:
Salarjung Museum
- The Salarjung Museum is located in Hyderabad, India.
- It is one of the largest museums in the world and is known for its vast collection of art and artifacts.
- The museum was established in 1951 and is named after Nawab Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, also known as Salar Jung III, who was a renowned art collector.
- The museum houses a diverse range of collections, including Indian art, European paintings, Persian carpets, Chinese porcelain, and Islamic art.
- It is particularly famous for its collection of sculptures, including the Veiled Rebecca, a mesmerizing marble statue.
- The Salarjung Museum is considered a treasure trove of art and attracts visitors from all around the world.
- With over one million objects in its collection, it is a storehouse of world art.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Salarjung museum.

Stupas:
Stupas are semi-circular structures with a dome-shaped roof that are built to house sacred relics or remains of Buddha. They are an important architectural element in Buddhism and are considered sacred places of worship and meditation.

Characteristics of Stupas:
- Stupas are typically constructed with a circular base and a dome-shaped roof.
- They often have a square platform at the base, known as the harmika, which symbolizes the teachings of Buddha.
- Stupas may be adorned with carvings, paintings, or inscriptions that depict Buddhist teachings or stories.
- The dome of the stupa represents the universe, while the spire on top symbolizes the spiritual journey towards enlightenment.

Significance of Stupas:
- Stupas are considered to be places of pilgrimage and are believed to have a powerful spiritual presence.
- They serve as a focal point for Buddhist rituals, ceremonies, and meditation practices.
- Stupas are also seen as symbols of the Buddha's enlightenment and the path to spiritual awakening.
In conclusion, a stupa is a sacred structure in Buddhism that houses relics or remains of Buddha. Its semi-circular shape with a dome-shaped roof is symbolic of the universe and the spiritual journey towards enlightenment. Stupas hold great significance in Buddhist practice and are revered as sacred places of worship.

Natya Shastra - The Main Source of Indian Classical Dances

The correct answer is option 'A' - Bharat Muni. Bharat Muni is attributed to be the author of the Natya Shastra, which is considered the main source of Indian classical dances. Let's delve into the details of this answer:

Natya Shastra:
The Natya Shastra is an ancient Indian treatise on performing arts, particularly drama and dance. It is believed to have been written by Bharat Muni, a sage and scholar, around the 2nd century BCE to the 2nd century CE. The text consists of 36 chapters and provides comprehensive guidelines on various aspects of performing arts, including dance, music, theater, and aesthetics.

Author - Bharat Muni:
Bharat Muni is regarded as the author of the Natya Shastra. Though not much is known about his personal life, he is considered a revered figure in the field of performing arts. Bharat Muni's work on the Natya Shastra is highly influential and has had a profound impact on the development of Indian classical dances.

Contributions of Natya Shastra:
The Natya Shastra is an extensive and detailed text that covers a wide range of topics related to performing arts. Some of its key contributions include:

1. Theory of Drama: The Natya Shastra offers a comprehensive theory of drama, encompassing elements such as plot, character, emotion, and aesthetics. It outlines the different types of plays, their structures, and the roles of various theatrical elements.

2. Dance Forms and Techniques: One of the significant sections of the Natya Shastra focuses on dance. It describes various dance forms, including the classical dance styles of Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi, Kathakali, and Manipuri. The text provides detailed instructions on body movements, hand gestures (mudras), facial expressions (abhinaya), and rhythm (tala) for each dance form.

3. Music and Instruments: The Natya Shastra also delves into the theory and practice of music. It explains the principles of melody, rhythm, and tonal quality. Additionally, it mentions various musical instruments and their classifications.

4. Stagecraft and Costumes: The treatise provides guidance on stage design, lighting, makeup, and costumes. It outlines the use of different types of stages, curtains, and props to enhance the visual appeal of the performance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Bharat Muni is attributed to be the author of the Natya Shastra, which is considered the main source of Indian classical dances. His work has played a crucial role in shaping the theoretical foundations and practice of performing arts in India. The Natya Shastra continues to be a valuable reference for dancers, musicians, and theater practitioners, preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage of Indian classical dances.

Answer:
The correct answer is D: Chittorgarh.
Detailed
Vijay Stambha, also known as the Tower of Victory, is an iconic monument located in Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India. Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
1. Introduction:
- Vijay Stambha is a historical monument in India.
- It is also known as the Tower of Victory.
2. Location:
- The monument is situated in Chittorgarh, Rajasthan.
- Chittorgarh is a city in the state of Rajasthan, which is located in northwestern India.
3. Significance and History:
- Vijay Stambha was built by the ruler of Mewar, Rana Kumbha, in the 15th century.
- It was constructed to commemorate his victory over the combined forces of Malwa and Gujarat.
- The tower stands as a symbol of courage, valor, and triumph.
4. Architecture and Design:
- Vijay Stambha is a nine-story tower, standing at a height of around 37 meters.
- It is built in the Indo-Aryan architectural style.
- The tower is adorned with intricate carvings, sculptures, and inscriptions.
5. Tourist Attraction:
- Vijay Stambha is a popular tourist attraction in Chittorgarh.
- Visitors can climb to the top of the tower to enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding area.
- The monument is known for its architectural beauty and historical significance.
In conclusion, Vijay Stambha is situated in Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, making option D the correct answer. This historical monument attracts tourists from all over the world and stands as a symbol of victory and pride.

Monument with one of the largest domes in the world:
- Tomb of Sher Shah, Sasaram: This monument does not have one of the largest domes in the world.
- Jama Masjid, Delhi: This mosque is known for its impressive architecture, but its dome is not one of the largest in the world.
- Tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din Tuglaq, Delhi: This tomb does not have one of the largest domes in the world.
- Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur: This monument is known for having one of the largest domes in the world.
Explanation:
Gol Gumbaz, located in Bijapur, India, is a mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah and is famous for its massive dome. The dome of Gol Gumbaz has a diameter of 44 meters (144 feet) and is considered to be one of the largest in the world. It is an architectural marvel and a popular tourist attraction. The dome is supported by massive walls and is known for its unique acoustic properties, which create an echoing effect when a sound is made in the central chamber. Visitors can climb to the top of the dome and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding area. Overall, Gol Gumbaz is a must-visit monument for its impressive dome and historical significance.

Explanation:

Muhammad bin Tughlaq:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the Sultanate ruler who is known for the following statements:

Knowledgeable Person:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a highly knowledgeable person with expertise in various fields such as philosophy, logic, and medicine. He was known for his intellectual pursuits and love for learning.

Introduced Token Currency:
One of the significant reforms introduced by Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the introduction of token currency. This move aimed to streamline the monetary system and facilitate trade within the empire.

Capital Shift:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted the capital of the Delhi Sultanate from Delhi to Daulatabad. This decision was influenced by strategic reasons and the desire to consolidate power in different regions.

Increased Land Revenue:
During his reign, Muhammad bin Tughlaq implemented policies that led to an increase in land revenue on the farmers of the Doab region. This move was aimed at boosting revenue collection for the Sultanate.
Therefore, based on the given statements, the Sultanate ruler being referred to is Muhammad bin Tughlaq. His reign was marked by various reforms and policies that had a significant impact on the Delhi Sultanate.

Tomb of Akbar
The Tomb of Akbar, located in Sikandra, near Agra, is a significant historical monument that holds great importance in Indian history.
Who Built the Tomb?
- The construction of the tomb was initiated by Jahangir, the son of Akbar, after Akbar's death in 1605.
- Although it is commonly stated that Jahangir completed the tomb, it was actually designed as a mausoleum for his father, Akbar the Great, who was one of the most influential rulers of the Mughal Empire.
Architectural Significance
- The tomb is a remarkable example of Mughal architecture, showcasing a blend of Islamic, Persian, and Indian styles.
- It features red sandstone and marble, with intricate carvings and beautiful inlay work, reflecting the artistic achievements of the Mughal era.
Symbolism
- The layout of the tomb is symbolic, with its gardens representing paradise, and its elevated platform signifying Akbar's status and the grandeur of the Mughal dynasty.
- The entrance gate is adorned with verses from the Quran, emphasizing Akbar's respect for religion and spirituality.
Conclusion
- While Jahangir played a crucial role in the completion of the tomb, it was built in honor of Akbar the Great, reflecting the legacy of one of India's most notable emperors.
- Thus, the correct answer to the question is option 'A', Jahangir, as he was responsible for the tomb's construction after Akbar's demise.

Artist of the masterpiece "Hamsa Damyanti"
The masterpiece "Hamsa Damyanti" was painted by Raja Ravi Varma.
Explanation:
- Raja Ravi Varma was a renowned Indian painter who is considered one of the greatest artists in the history of Indian art.
- "Hamsa Damyanti" is one of his famous paintings, depicting the mythological story of King Nala and Princess Damayanti.
- The painting showcases the moment when the swan, who is actually a disguised god, reveals his true form to the princess.
- Raja Ravi Varma was known for his realistic style and his ability to capture the emotions and beauty of his subjects.
- His works often featured mythological and historical themes, and he played a significant role in the development of modern Indian art.
- Raja Ravi Varma's contributions to Indian art have made him a celebrated figure in the art world, and his paintings continue to be admired and treasured.

Bihar

Identifying the Rajput ruler:
Key Points:
- Built the city of Jaipur.
- Great astronomer.
- Erected observatories.
- Ruler of Ajmer.

The Rajput ruler who fits all the given descriptions is Raja Sawai Jai Singh.
Explanation:
- Built the city of Jaipur: Raja Sawai Jai Singh built the city of Jaipur in the early 18th century. He established it as the new capital of the Kachwaha Rajputs.
- Great astronomer: Raja Sawai Jai Singh had a keen interest in astronomy and made significant contributions to the field. He studied various astronomical texts and instruments and developed his own observatory.
- Erected observatories: Raja Sawai Jai Singh built several observatories in different parts of his kingdom, including the famous Jantar Mantar observatories in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi. These observatories were equipped with large and accurate instruments for observing celestial bodies.
- Ruler of Ajmer: Raja Sawai Jai Singh was also the ruler of Ajmer, a city in present-day Rajasthan. He expanded his kingdom and consolidated his power in the region.
Therefore, the Rajput ruler who fits all the given descriptions is Raja Sawai Jai Singh.

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There are several mosques in India with unique architectural features. However, without a specific name or description, it is challenging to determine the exact mosque you are referring to. Some famous mosques in India include the Jama Masjid in Delhi, the Charminar Mosque in Hyderabad, and the Badshahi Mosque in Agra.

Architect of North and South Blocks of the Central Secretariat in Delhi:


The architect of the North and South Blocks of the Central Secretariat in Delhi is Herbert Baker.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the architect of the North and South Blocks of the Central Secretariat in Delhi:
- The Central Secretariat in Delhi is a prominent government building complex that houses various ministries and government offices.
- The complex is known for its architectural significance and was designed by renowned architects.
- The primary architect responsible for the design of the North and South Blocks of the Central Secretariat is Herbert Baker.
- Herbert Baker was a British architect known for his work in South Africa and India during the early 20th century.
- He played a significant role in designing several iconic buildings in Delhi, including the North and South Blocks, which are considered the most important structures in the Central Secretariat.
- The North and South Blocks were constructed between 1911 and 1930 and are examples of the Indo-Saracenic architecture style.
- The buildings feature a blend of Indian, Islamic, and British architectural elements, showcasing the cultural diversity and colonial influence of the time.
- The Central Secretariat complex, with its impressive architecture, stands as a symbol of the administrative power and historical significance of the Indian government.
Therefore, the correct answer is Herbert Baker.

The correct statements regarding colonial architecture are:
1. Portuguese and French architectural influence can be seen on churches built by them in Goa & Portuguese respectively.
- The Portuguese and French left a significant architectural influence on the churches they built in Goa and Portuguese colonies. These churches feature distinct elements of Portuguese and French architectural styles.
2. Victorian style, being imitative rather than original, did not have a vitality of its own as possessed by Indo-Islamic architecture of earlier times.
- The Victorian style of architecture, although popular during the colonial period, was considered imitative and lacked the originality and vitality of earlier architectural styles such as Indo-Islamic architecture.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: All statements are correct.

Sultan Ghari: A Tomb built by Iltutmish in 1231 A.D.

Introduction:
Sultan Ghari is a historical monument located in Delhi, India. It was built by Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1231 A.D. Sultan Ghari is primarily known as a tomb and holds significant historical and architectural importance.

Explanation:
1. Purpose and Function:
Sultan Ghari was constructed as a tomb, which means it was intended to house the mortal remains of a deceased person. In this case, it was built as the final resting place for the Sultan's eldest son, Prince Nasiruddin Mahmud.

2. Architectural Features:
The tomb exhibits a unique architectural style that combines elements of both Hindu and Islamic traditions. It is constructed mainly in red sandstone and features intricate carvings and decorative motifs. The structure stands on a raised platform and has a dome-shaped roof.

3. Design and Layout:
The tomb of Sultan Ghari is designed in the shape of a square, with each side measuring approximately 36 feet. The main entrance is adorned with beautifully carved arches and intricate patterns. The interior of the tomb consists of a central chamber where the sarcophagus of Prince Nasiruddin Mahmud is placed.

4. Historical Significance:
Sultan Ghari holds historical significance as it is considered one of the earliest existing Islamic tombs in India. It represents the architectural prowess of the Delhi Sultanate during the medieval period. The construction of such tombs for royalty was a common practice among rulers of that time.

5. Cultural Heritage:
Sultan Ghari is also an important cultural heritage site. It reflects the rich cultural and artistic influences of the medieval period, showcasing a fusion of Hindu and Islamic architectural styles. The carvings and motifs found on the tomb are indicative of the artistic brilliance of that era.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Sultan Ghari built by Iltutmish in 1231 A.D. is a tomb. It was constructed as the final resting place for Prince Nasiruddin Mahmud. The tomb showcases a unique architectural style and represents the historical and cultural heritage of the Delhi Sultanate.

• Ram Kinkar: Ram Kinkar Baij, commonly known as Ramkinkar Baij, was a renowned Indian sculptor and painter. He is considered one of the pioneers of modern Indian sculpture. His notable works include the iconic statue of Mahatma Gandhi at Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya in Barrackpore, West Bengal.


• Raja Ravi Verma: Raja Ravi Varma was a celebrated Indian painter and not primarily known for his sculptures.


• Manjit Bawa: Manjit Bawa was an Indian painter who was known for his vibrant and colorful paintings, not for his sculptures.


• Saroja Vidyanathan: Saroja Vidyanathan was an Indian classical dancer and choreographer, and not primarily known for her sculptures.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D: Ram Kinkar.

Introduction:
Double dome construction is a unique architectural technique where two domes are built, one inside the other, creating a visually striking structure. Among the given options, the finest example of double dome construction is the Lodhi Garden.

Explanation:
Lodhi Garden, located in New Delhi, India, is a historical park that houses several architectural marvels from the Lodhi dynasty. The most notable structure in the garden is the Tomb of Sikandar Lodi, which is an excellent example of double dome construction.

Double Dome Construction:
Double dome construction involves the use of two domes, one inside the other. The inner dome is smaller and rests on the top of the walls, while the outer dome is larger and covers the entire structure. This technique creates a visually appealing effect and enhances the structural stability.

Tomb of Sikandar Lodi:
The Tomb of Sikandar Lodi in Lodhi Garden showcases the finest example of double dome construction. Here's why:

1. Architectural Design: The tomb has a square base with a double dome structure. The inner dome is made of red sandstone, while the outer dome is built with white marble. This combination of materials adds to the elegance and grandeur of the structure.

2. Symmetry: The double dome construction creates a symmetrical design, with the inner and outer domes perfectly aligned. This symmetry is a hallmark of double dome architecture and can be observed in the Tomb of Sikandar Lodi.

3. Aesthetics: The double dome construction enhances the visual appeal of the tomb. The contrast between the red sandstone and white marble, combined with the intricate carvings and detailing, creates a stunning architectural masterpiece.

4. Structural Stability: The double dome construction provides structural stability to the tomb. The inner dome supports the weight of the outer dome, distributing the load evenly and preventing any structural deformations.

Conclusion:
Among the given options, the Lodhi Garden, specifically the Tomb of Sikandar Lodi, stands out as the finest example of double dome construction. Its architectural design, symmetry, aesthetics, and structural stability make it a remarkable structure worth admiring.

Oldest Monument: Ajanta Caves
The Ajanta Caves, located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, are considered to be the oldest monument among the given options. These caves are known for their exquisite rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments that date back to the 2nd century BCE and the 480 CE. Here is a detailed explanation:
Ajanta Caves:
- The Ajanta Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and consist of 30 rock-cut cave monuments.
- These caves were built in two phases: the first phase includes caves 9, 10, 12, 13, and 15A, which were constructed during the Satavahana dynasty (around 2nd century BCE).
- The second phase includes the remaining caves, built during the Vakataka dynasty (around 5th century CE).
Qutub Minar:
- Qutub Minar, located in Delhi, is a historical monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- It was built in the early 13th century CE by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
- While it is an ancient monument, it is not as old as the Ajanta Caves.
Khajuraho:
- Khajuraho, located in Madhya Pradesh, India, is famous for its group of Hindu and Jain temples.
- These temples were built between the 10th and 12th centuries CE.
- Although they are ancient, they are not as old as the Ajanta Caves.
Taj Mahal:
- The Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, is one of the most iconic monuments in the world.
- It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century CE.
- The Taj Mahal is relatively more recent compared to the Ajanta Caves.
In conclusion, among the given options, the Ajanta Caves are considered to be the oldest monument, dating back to the 2nd century BCE.

Lead Architect for Designing New Delhi:
The British architect chosen as the lead architect for designing New Delhi was Edwin Lutyens.
Details:
- Edwin Lutyens, a renowned British architect, was selected as the lead architect for designing New Delhi.
- The decision to design a new capital city for British India was made after it was decided to shift the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911.
- Lutyens collaborated with Herbert Baker, another prominent architect, to create a plan for the new city.
- Their design for New Delhi was a blend of classical and traditional Indian architectural elements.
- Lutyens' design included wide avenues, grand government buildings, and expansive green spaces.
- The most notable architectural marvel in New Delhi is the Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as the Viceroy's House), which serves as the official residence of the President of India.
- Other significant buildings designed by Lutyens in New Delhi include the Parliament House, India Gate, and various administrative buildings.
- Lutyens' architectural style in New Delhi is often referred to as the "Lutyens' Delhi" and is considered a significant example of colonial architecture in India.
Conclusion:
Edwin Lutyens, the British architect, was chosen as the lead architect for designing New Delhi. His collaboration with Herbert Baker resulted in the creation of a city that exemplifies a fusion of British and Indian architectural styles.

Statement 1: Monuments in Fatehpur Sikri are made of red sandstone.
- This statement is correct. The monuments in Fatehpur Sikri, including the Jama Masjid, Buland Darwaza, and Panch Mahal, are indeed made of red sandstone. The red sandstone gives the structures a distinct and vibrant appearance.
Statement 2: The city of Fatehpur Sikri was founded as a token of gratitude to Sheikh Salim Chisti.
- This statement is also correct. Akbar, the Mughal emperor, founded the city of Fatehpur Sikri as a tribute to Sheikh Salim Chisti, a Sufi saint. Sheikh Salim Chisti had blessed Akbar and predicted the birth of his sons who would survive, and in gratitude, Akbar established the city near the saint's dargah.
Therefore, both statement 1 and statement 2 are correct.
Answer: C. All are correct.

The fort is Gwalior fort.
Gwalior fort is one of the largest forts in the world, built by a Rajput ruler in 1156 AD. This majestic fort, constructed in yellow sandstone, is also known as the Golden fort due to its golden hue during sunset. Let's explore some details about the fort:
Location:
- Gwalior fort is located in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- It is situated on a hilltop, overlooking the city of Gwalior.
Architecture:
- The fort is constructed predominantly in yellow sandstone, giving it a golden appearance.
- It showcases a unique blend of Hindu and Muslim architectural styles.
- The fort complex includes several palaces, temples, and historic buildings.
Significance:
- Gwalior fort holds great historical and cultural significance.
- It has witnessed the reign of various dynasties, including the Tomars, Mughals, Marathas, and Scindias.
- The fort has been a center of power and has seen many battles and sieges throughout history.
Attractions:
- Man Singh Palace: This palace showcases beautiful architectural elements, including intricately carved brackets and balconies.
- Gujari Mahal: It houses the Archeological Museum, which exhibits a collection of ancient sculptures and artifacts.
- Saas-Bahu Temples: These twin temples are known for their intricate carvings and stunning architecture.
- Teli ka Mandir: It is a unique blend of Dravidian, Nagara, and Indo-Aryan architectural styles.
Visiting the fort:
- Gwalior fort is open to visitors throughout the year.
- The fort can be reached by climbing a steep pathway or using a cable car.
- It offers panoramic views of the city and the surrounding landscape.
In conclusion, Gwalior fort, also known as the Golden fort, is an impressive architectural marvel that reflects the rich history and culture of the region. Its grandeur and stunning golden hue during sunset make it a must-visit destination for history and architecture enthusiasts.

Victoria Memorial was built in memory of a British monarch. The correct answer is option 'A'.

The Victoria Memorial is a large marble monument located in Kolkata, India. It was built in memory of Queen Victoria, who was the British monarch at the time of her death in 1901. The memorial was commissioned by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, and it was completed in 1921.

The Victoria Memorial is a significant landmark in Kolkata and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city. It stands on the banks of the Hooghly River and occupies a sprawling area of 64 acres. The monument is designed in the Indo-Saracenic style, which combines elements of British and Mughal architecture.

The memorial is dedicated to the memory of Queen Victoria and her reign over the British Empire. It houses a museum that showcases various artifacts and exhibits related to the Queen and the colonial era in India. The museum also displays paintings, sculptures, and other artworks that depict important events and figures from Indian history.

The Victoria Memorial is surrounded by beautiful gardens and is a popular spot for locals and tourists alike. The monument itself is an impressive structure, with a central dome that rises to a height of 184 feet. The dome is topped by a bronze statue of the Angel of Victory, which is also known as the "Angel of Progress."

Overall, the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata is a grand and majestic monument that stands as a tribute to Queen Victoria and her role in British history. It serves as a reminder of the colonial past and is a symbol of cultural heritage and architectural excellence.

Bagh, a village in Gwalior is famous for Cave Paintings:
- Bagh, a village located in Gwalior district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, is renowned for its ancient cave paintings.
- The Bagh Caves, situated in this village, are a group of nine rock-cut monuments that showcase exquisite and unique cave paintings.
- These paintings are estimated to date back to the 5th and 6th centuries AD and belong to the Gupta period of Indian art.
- The cave paintings in Bagh predominantly depict religious and mythological themes, including scenes from the life of Buddha, various Hindu deities, and other divine figures.
- The paintings are characterized by their vibrant colors, intricate detailing, and the skillful use of shading and perspective.
- The Bagh Caves are considered to be a significant site for the study of ancient Indian art and architecture.
- Apart from the cave paintings, Bagh is also known for its beautiful sculptures and architectural structures.
- The village is home to several ancient temples and monuments, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the region.
- The sculptures found in Bagh exhibit exceptional craftsmanship and artistic excellence.
- The architectural structures in Bagh, such as the Baghela Talab, Baghela Ka Bagh, and Baghela Mahal, are worth exploring for their historical and aesthetic significance.
- In conclusion, Bagh, a village in Gwalior, is famous for its cave paintings, sculptures, and architectural treasures, making it a must-visit destination for art enthusiasts and history lovers alike.

The painter of the famous painting called 'Bhartmata' is Rabindranath Tagore.
Explanation:
Rabindranath Tagore was a prominent Indian poet, philosopher, and artist. He is best known for his literary works, but he was also a talented painter. One of his most famous paintings is 'Bhartmata', which translates to 'Mother India'.
Here are some key points about Rabindranath Tagore and his painting 'Bhartmata':
- Rabindranath Tagore was born on May 7, 1861, in Calcutta, British India. He was the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore, a leader of the Brahmo Samaj.
- Tagore started painting in his late sixties and continued to create art until his death in 1941.
- 'Bhartmata' was painted by Rabindranath Tagore in 1905. It is a representation of India as a mother figure, symbolizing the nation's strength, nurturing nature, and resilience.
- The painting depicts a female figure in a traditional Indian attire, holding a trident, and surrounded by various symbols of Indian culture and heritage.
- 'Bhartmata' became an iconic representation of India's national identity and was widely celebrated for its portrayal of the country's spirit and values.
- Rabindranath Tagore's artistic style was influenced by Indian folk art, Japanese ink wash painting, and the Impressionist movement. He used bold colors, simple lines, and a unique blend of traditional and modern elements in his paintings.
In conclusion, Rabindranath Tagore, a renowned poet and artist, painted the famous artwork 'Bhartmata', which has become an iconic representation of India's national identity.

The Ancient Monument Protection Act and the Governor - Generalship
The Ancient Monument Protection Act is a legislation that was enacted in India during the colonial period. It aimed to protect and preserve ancient monuments and archaeological sites across the country. The Act was enacted during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Canning. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
During the British colonial rule in India, there was a growing concern about the preservation of ancient monuments and archaeological sites. Many of these sites were of historical and cultural significance and needed protection from vandalism, encroachment, and neglect.
Enactment of the Act:
The Ancient Monument Protection Act was enacted in 1904 during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Canning. Lord Canning served as the Governor-General of India from 1856 to 1862, during which he played a crucial role in the administration and governance of the country.
Objectives of the Act:
The Act aimed to achieve the following objectives:
1. Preservation and protection: The primary objective of the Act was to preserve and protect ancient monuments and archaeological sites from destruction, damage, and encroachment.
2. Conservation: The Act provided guidelines and regulations for the conservation and restoration of ancient monuments to maintain their historical and architectural integrity.
3. Access and public awareness: The Act also emphasized the importance of providing public access to these monuments while ensuring their safety and security. It aimed to raise awareness among the public about the cultural and historical significance of these sites.
4. Archaeological research: The Act facilitated archaeological research and exploration by allowing authorized personnel to conduct excavations and studies at these sites.
Impact of the Act:
The Ancient Monument Protection Act played a crucial role in the preservation and safeguarding of India's rich cultural heritage. It led to the establishment of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as the primary agency responsible for the protection, conservation, and management of ancient monuments and archaeological sites in the country. The Act also paved the way for subsequent legislations and initiatives aimed at heritage conservation and cultural tourism.
In conclusion, the Ancient Monument Protection Act was enacted during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Canning. This legislation aimed to protect and preserve ancient monuments and archaeological sites in India, and it had a significant impact on the conservation and management of the country's cultural heritage.

The Tower of Silence is located in Mumbai, India. It is a unique and significant structure that is associated with the Zoroastrian religion, also known as Parsiism. Let's explore more about the Tower of Silence and its significance in the city of Mumbai.

The Tower of Silence
The Tower of Silence, also known as a Dakhma or Dokhma, is a circular raised structure used by Zoroastrians for the disposal of the dead. It is a sacred place where the bodies of the deceased are laid out to be exposed to the elements and scavenger birds, primarily vultures. This method of disposal is based on the Zoroastrian belief in the purity of the elements and the importance of preserving the environment.

Location
The Tower of Silence in Mumbai is situated in a prominent location called Malabar Hill. Malabar Hill is a residential area in South Mumbai and is known for its upscale neighborhoods and stunning views of the Arabian Sea. The Tower of Silence is located in a serene and secluded area, providing a peaceful resting place for the departed souls.

Significance
The Tower of Silence holds immense significance for the Zoroastrian community. According to Zoroastrian beliefs, the dead body is considered impure and can contaminate the environment. To prevent pollution, the body is placed on the platform at the top of the tower to decompose naturally and be consumed by scavenger birds. This practice is known as "sky burial" or "burial by birds."

Zoroastrianism in Mumbai
Mumbai has a significant Zoroastrian population and is home to one of the oldest and largest Zoroastrian communities in the world. The Zoroastrian community, known as the Parsis, migrated to India from Persia (present-day Iran) in the 8th century to escape religious persecution. Over the centuries, they have made Mumbai their home and have made significant contributions to the city's culture, economy, and society.

Conclusion
The Tower of Silence is a unique and culturally significant structure located in Mumbai, India. It serves as a sacred place for the Zoroastrian community to dispose of the dead bodies in accordance with their religious beliefs. Mumbai's Tower of Silence is an important symbol of the city's multicultural heritage and the contributions of the Parsi community.

Answer:
The Kailash Temple at Ellora in Maharashtra, India, was built by the rulers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Introduction:
The Kailash Temple is a remarkable example of Indian rock-cut architecture and is considered one of the greatest rock-cut monuments in the world. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is located in the Ellora Caves complex in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
2. Rashtrakuta Dynasty:
The Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled a large part of the Indian subcontinent from the 6th to the 10th century CE. They were patrons of art, architecture, and literature, and made significant contributions to Indian culture.
3. Construction of the Kailash Temple:
The Kailash Temple was built during the reign of King Krishna I of the Rashtrakuta dynasty in the 8th century CE. It is believed that it took over 150 years to complete the construction of this magnificent temple.
4. Architecture and Features:
- The temple is carved out of a single massive rock, creating a monolithic structure.
- It is designed in the shape of Mount Kailash, the mythical abode of Lord Shiva.
- The temple complex includes a main shrine, pillared halls, courtyards, and various other carved sculptures and reliefs.
- The entire temple is adorned with intricate carvings depicting scenes from Hindu mythology, including gods, goddesses, and various celestial beings.
- The temple's architecture showcases the skill and craftsmanship of the artists and sculptors of the Rashtrakuta period.
5. Significance:
The Kailash Temple is not only a religious site but also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a testament to the architectural brilliance and artistic heritage of ancient India.
In conclusion, the Kailash Temple at Ellora in Maharashtra was built by the rulers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. This remarkable rock-cut temple stands as a testament to the rich cultural and architectural history of India.

Bijapur is known for its Gol Gumbaz.

Gol Gumbaz:
Gol Gumbaz is a majestic mausoleum located in Bijapur, Karnataka, India. It is one of the most famous monuments in the city and attracts a large number of tourists every year.

Architectural Marvel:
Gol Gumbaz is an architectural marvel that was built during the reign of the Adil Shahi dynasty. It was constructed in the 17th century by the famous architect Yaqut of Dabul. The monument is known for its unique and impressive structural design, which showcases the rich cultural heritage of the region.

Structure:
The main structure of Gol Gumbaz is a massive dome with a diameter of 44 meters, making it the second-largest dome in the world after St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. The dome is supported by four huge pillars or minarets, each measuring 51 meters in height. The construction of Gol Gumbaz is entirely made of dark grey basalt stone, giving it a majestic and grand appearance.

Whispering Gallery:
One of the most interesting features of Gol Gumbaz is its famous Whispering Gallery. The gallery is located inside the dome and has a unique architectural design that allows even the smallest whisper to be heard across the entire gallery. This phenomenon is a result of the acoustics of the dome, which amplifies sound waves. Visitors often enjoy whispering or clapping their hands to experience this fascinating auditory effect.

Tomb of Mohammad Adil Shah:
Gol Gumbaz serves as the final resting place for Mohammad Adil Shah, the Sultan of Bijapur. His tomb is located in the central chamber of the monument. The tomb is surrounded by an octagonal corridor with beautiful carvings and intricate designs.

Tourist Attraction:
Gol Gumbaz is not only a historical monument but also a popular tourist attraction. Visitors from all over the world come to admire its architectural beauty and explore its rich history. The monument is also a great spot for photography enthusiasts who seek to capture its grandeur from different angles.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Bijapur is known for its Gol Gumbaz, a magnificent mausoleum that showcases the architectural brilliance of the Adil Shahi dynasty. The monument's unique design, including its massive dome and Whispering Gallery, makes it a must-visit destination for history and architecture enthusiasts.

Explanation:

The correct answer is option 'A', Bamiyan. Bamiyan is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Afghanistan famous for its gigantic rock-cut statues of Buddha.

Details:
- Bamiyan is located in the central highlands of Afghanistan, about 230 kilometers northwest of Kabul.
- The site of Bamiyan became famous for its two colossal statues of Buddha, which were carved into the side of a cliff between the 6th and 7th centuries AD.
- The larger of the two statues stood at a height of 55 meters, making it the tallest standing Buddha statue in the world at that time.
- The smaller statue stood at a height of 38 meters.
- The statues were carved out of the sandstone cliffs and decorated with elaborate details and intricate designs.
- The statues were once painted and adorned with jewels, but most of the paint and jewels have been lost over the centuries.
- The statues were a significant representation of the Buddhist religion and were a symbol of cultural and religious harmony in the region.
- Unfortunately, in 2001, the Taliban, who considered the statues as idols and against their strict interpretation of Islam, carried out a deliberate act of destruction and dynamited the statues.
- The destruction of the statues caused international outrage and led to calls for the preservation of cultural heritage sites.
- Despite the destruction, the site of Bamiyan continues to attract visitors from around the world who come to witness the remnants of the once magnificent statues and to understand the rich history and cultural significance of the region.

Conclusion:
Bamiyan, Afghanistan, is famous for its gigantic rock-cut statues of Buddha, which were unfortunately destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. The site continues to be a significant historical and cultural landmark, drawing visitors who want to witness the remnants of the statues and learn about the region's rich history.