All questions of Safety and First Aid for Primary 6 Exam

A

What to do when encountering an accident with a motorcycle?

When encountering an accident with a motorcycle, it is important to stay calm and act quickly. The correct answer is option 'B', which is to arrange for first aid and a doctor. Here's why:

Why panicking is not the right answer?

Panic is a natural response to stressful and unexpected situations, but it can hinder your ability to think and act rationally. Thus, panicking is not the right answer when encountering an accident with a motorcycle.

Why calling a crowd and surrounding the victim is not the right answer?

While it may seem like a good idea to call a crowd and surround the victim, it can actually do more harm than good. Crowding can impede the ability of emergency responders to access and treat the victim. Also, the victim may need immediate medical attention, and a crowd may delay that.

Why arranging for first aid and a doctor is the right answer?

The best thing you can do in this situation is to arrange for first aid and a doctor. Here's how:

- Call for emergency medical services (EMS) by dialing 911 or the emergency number in your area.
- If the victim is conscious and able to communicate, ask if they have any medical conditions or allergies that could affect their treatment.
- If the victim is bleeding, try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or bandage.
- If the victim is not breathing, begin CPR if you are trained to do so.
- Stay with the victim until EMS arrives and provide any necessary information to the responders.

In summary, when encountering an accident with a motorcycle, it is important to stay calm, call for emergency medical services, provide first aid if possible, and stay with the victim until help arrives.

D

Because she have a bath and the hands are wet so she will touch any eletric so she can electric shock

Understanding Electrical Fires
When it comes to fire safety, especially in the case of electrical fires, it is crucial to know the proper methods for extinguishing flames.
Why Throwing Water is Dangerous
- Conductivity of Water: Water is a good conductor of electricity. When thrown on an electrical fire, it can spread the current to other areas, potentially causing more danger to yourself and others nearby.
- Risk of Electric Shock: If the electrical source is still live, using water can lead to electric shock. This can be fatal, especially if the person trying to extinguish the fire is standing on a conductive surface.
Proper Methods to Extinguish Electrical Fires
- Use a Class C Fire Extinguisher: These extinguishers are specifically designed for electrical fires. They use non-conductive materials to put out the flames safely.
- Cut Off the Power Source: If possible, turn off the electricity at the main breaker before attempting to extinguish the fire. This reduces the risk of electrocution.
- Call Emergency Services: If the fire is too large or uncontrollable, evacuate the area and call the fire department immediately.
Conclusion
In summary, throwing water over a fire caused by electricity is unsafe and can exacerbate the situation. It is essential to understand the risks and know the correct approach to handle electrical fires effectively. Always prioritize safety and use appropriate fire extinguishing methods.

In this question, we are asked to identify the safety measures among the given options. Let's analyze each option to determine which one(s) are safety measures.

• A: Keep left on road: This is a safety measure as it ensures that vehicles are driving on the correct side of the road, reducing the risk of head-on collisions.


• B: Cross the road on zebra cross: This is a safety measure as it provides a designated area for pedestrians to cross the road, increasing their visibility to drivers and reducing the risk of accidents.


• C: Follow the traffic signal: This is a safety measure as it regulates the flow of traffic, ensuring that vehicles and pedestrians can move safely and efficiently.

From the analysis above, we can conclude that option D: All of these is the correct answer as all the given options (A, B, and C) are safety measures.

A - iv, b - iii, c - ii d - i

Introduction:
Diwali is a festival of lights that is celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy in India. It is important to follow certain safety measures during Diwali celebrations to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for everyone. This includes wearing cotton clothes, keeping water and a first aid box ready, and holding fireworks and candles away from our clothes.

Wearing cotton clothes:
During Diwali celebrations, it is recommended to wear cotton clothes. Cotton is a natural fabric that is less likely to catch fire compared to synthetic materials. In case of any accidents or mishaps, wearing cotton clothes can help reduce the risk of burns and injuries.

Keeping water and a first aid box ready:
Having water and a first aid box readily available during Diwali celebrations is essential. Water can be used to extinguish small fires or to cool down burns in case of accidents. A first aid box should contain basic medical supplies like bandages, antiseptic ointment, and pain relievers. It is important to be prepared for any minor injuries or accidents that may occur during the festivities.

Holding fireworks and candles away from our clothes:
One of the main attractions of Diwali is bursting fireworks and lighting candles. However, it is crucial to handle them with care and keep them away from our clothes. Fireworks should be lit in open spaces, away from any flammable objects. It is advisable to wear protective gloves while handling fireworks to avoid any burns or injuries. Similarly, candles should be placed in sturdy holders and kept away from curtains, decorations, or any other flammable materials.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, to ensure a safe and enjoyable Diwali celebration, it is important to follow certain safety measures. This includes wearing cotton clothes, keeping water and a first aid box ready, and holding fireworks and candles away from our clothes. By adhering to these guidelines, we can prevent accidents, reduce the risk of injuries, and have a memorable Diwali celebration.

Advice for a New Cook:
1. Wear cotton dress:
- Cotton is a breathable fabric that allows air circulation, keeping you cool and comfortable in the kitchen.
- It absorbs moisture, reducing sweat and preventing the clothes from sticking to your body.
- Cotton is also less likely to catch fire compared to synthetic fabrics.
2. Avoid nylon and terelene clothes:
- Nylon and terelene are synthetic fabrics that are more prone to melting or catching fire when exposed to heat.
- These fabrics can be uncomfortable to wear in a hot kitchen as they do not allow proper airflow, leading to excessive sweating.
- In case of accidents, nylon and terelene can melt onto the skin, causing severe burns.
3. Consider wearing an apron:
- Wearing an apron can protect your clothes from spills, stains, and splatters while cooking.
- It provides an additional layer of protection against hot liquids or oil splashes.
- Choose a cotton apron that is easy to clean and has pockets to keep essential tools or ingredients handy.
4. Comfort and safety:
- Opt for loose-fitting clothes that allow freedom of movement while working in the kitchen.
- Avoid wearing jewelry, long sleeves, or loose hanging accessories that can get caught in appliances or open flames.
5. Footwear:
- Wear closed-toe shoes with non-slip soles to prevent accidental slips or falls.
- Choose comfortable shoes that provide support and cushioning for long hours of standing and moving around.
6. Maintain good hygiene:
- Ensure your hands are clean and nails are trimmed before handling food.
- Tie back long hair or wear a hairnet to prevent hair from falling into the food.
- Avoid wearing strong perfumes or scented products that may interfere with the aroma of the dishes.
Remember, the key is to prioritize comfort, safety, and hygiene while working in the kitchen.

Understanding the Causes of Accidents
Accidents can occur for various reasons, and it is essential to recognize that they often result from a combination of factors. The correct answer to the question is option 'D', which states that accidents happen due to:
Carelessness of Others
- Accidents can happen because of someone else's negligence. For instance, if a driver ignores traffic signals or a pedestrian is not paying attention while crossing the street, it can lead to unfortunate incidents.
Our Carelessness
- Individual carelessness is a significant factor contributing to accidents. When people are distracted, take unnecessary risks, or fail to follow safety protocols, they increase the likelihood of accidents. For example, texting while driving or not wearing a helmet while riding a bike can result in serious injuries.
Hurry
- Rushing can lead to poor decision-making. When individuals are in a hurry, they may overlook safety precautions or act impulsively. This urgency can cause accidents, such as speeding or failing to check for obstacles, thereby putting themselves and others at risk.
Conclusion
In summary, accidents can occur due to a mix of carelessness from others, our own negligence, and the pressure of being in a hurry. Understanding these factors helps us recognize the importance of being attentive, cautious, and responsible to prevent accidents from happening. Always prioritize safety for yourself and those around you!

Call for help immediately
One should call for help immediately if they see a fire in the kitchen for several reasons:

Prevent the fire from spreading:
- Calling for help immediately can help prevent the fire from spreading further and causing more damage to the property or putting lives at risk.

Professional assistance:
- Firefighters are trained professionals who have the necessary equipment and expertise to handle fires safely and effectively. Calling for help ensures that the situation is dealt with in the best possible way.

Ensure your safety:
- Fires can be unpredictable and dangerous. By calling for help, you are ensuring your own safety and the safety of others in the vicinity.

Quick response:
- Time is of the essence when dealing with fires. By calling for help immediately, you are increasing the chances of a quick response and a better outcome.

Avoid taking risks:
- Trying to put out the fire by yourself can be risky and may worsen the situation. It is always better to leave it to the professionals who are trained to handle such emergencies.
In conclusion, when you see a fire in the kitchen, it is important to stay calm and call for help immediately to ensure the safety of yourself and others around you.

Extinguishing Electric Fire using Carbon Tetrachloride

Electric fire is a dangerous situation that could cause harm to people and damage to property. It is important to know how to extinguish an electric fire to prevent it from spreading. Carbon tetrachloride is a commonly used fire extinguisher for electric fires. Let us understand why it is the most appropriate choice.

What is Carbon Tetrachloride?

Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless liquid that was once widely used as a fire extinguisher. It is a non-conductive substance and can effectively extinguish electric fires. However, due to its toxic nature, it is no longer used as a fire extinguisher in many countries.

Why is Carbon Tetrachloride effective for Extinguishing Electric Fires?

1. Non-conductive: Carbon tetrachloride is a non-conductive substance, which means that it does not conduct electricity. Therefore, it can be safely used to extinguish electric fires without causing harm to the person using it.

2. Cooling Effect: Carbon tetrachloride has a cooling effect on the fire. It absorbs heat from the fire, thereby reducing the temperature and preventing it from spreading.

3. Smothering Effect: Carbon tetrachloride also has a smothering effect on the fire. When it is sprayed on the fire, it forms a layer of gas that prevents oxygen from reaching the fire. This lack of oxygen suffocates the fire, causing it to go out.

4. Quick Action: Carbon tetrachloride is a fast-acting fire extinguisher. It can quickly extinguish a fire, thereby preventing it from spreading and causing further damage.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is important to know how to extinguish an electric fire. Carbon Tetrachloride is one of the most effective fire extinguishers for electric fires due to its non-conductive nature, cooling and smothering effects, and quick action. However, due to its toxic nature, it is no longer used as a fire extinguisher in many countries. Therefore, it is important to use other non-toxic fire extinguishers, such as dry powder or CO2, to extinguish electric fires.

Causes of Fire Spread

Fire can spread quickly and cause damage to property and life. There are various factors that contribute to the spread of fire, and some of them are as follows:

Supply of Fuel
The availability of fuel is one of the significant causes of fire spread. The fuel can be anything that burns, such as wood, paper, cloth, and oil. When there is an abundant supply of fuel, the fire can quickly spread and become uncontrollable.

Low Ignition/Kindling Temperature of Fuel
Another factor that contributes to the spread of fire is the ignition or kindling temperature of the fuel. Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature required to initiate combustion, while the kindling temperature is the minimum temperature required to sustain combustion. When the ignition or kindling temperature of the fuel is low, it can quickly catch fire and spread.

Air Current
Air current is another factor that contributes to the spread of fire. Air carries oxygen, which is essential for combustion. When there is a strong air current, it can supply more oxygen to the fire, making it burn hotter and spread faster.

Conclusion
In summary, the availability of fuel, low ignition/kindling temperature of fuel, and air current are the primary causes of fire spread. It is essential to take precautionary measures and follow safety guidelines to prevent fire accidents.

**Accident Prone Activities**

There are several activities that can be considered accident-prone, especially for children. These activities often involve a higher risk of injury due to their nature or the environment in which they take place. Let's analyze each activity mentioned in the question and explain why they are accident-prone:

**a) Roadside Play:**
Playing alongside or near the roadside can be dangerous due to the presence of moving vehicles. Children may not always be aware of traffic rules or the potential dangers of playing near the road. This increases the risk of accidents such as getting hit by a vehicle or falling onto the road.

**b) Flying Kite on Rooftop:**
Flying a kite on a rooftop can be hazardous for several reasons. Firstly, rooftops often have uneven surfaces or obstacles, increasing the likelihood of tripping and falling. Secondly, if the kite string gets entangled with something, it can cause the child to lose balance and fall from the rooftop. Lastly, if the child is not cautious, they may lean too far over the edge while flying the kite, risking a fall.

**c) Fetching an Object by Jumping:**
Fetching an object by jumping can lead to accidents for various reasons. One common scenario is jumping from heights, such as climbing on furniture or trees, to reach an object. This can result in falls and injuries. Additionally, jumping without proper landing techniques or on an unstable surface can lead to sprains, fractures, or other injuries.

**d) All of These:**
The correct answer is option 'D' because all of the mentioned activities are accident-prone. Roadside play, flying a kite on a rooftop, and fetching an object by jumping all involve elements of risk that can potentially lead to accidents and injuries. It is important for children to be supervised and educated about potential dangers associated with these activities to ensure their safety.

Therefore, it is crucial to provide children with guidance and supervision while they engage in these activities to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries. Educating them about potential hazards and practicing safety measures will help create a safer environment for play and exploration.