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All questions of Agriculture and Food Management for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

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Consider the following statements regarding land reforms in India:
1. The abolition of intermediaries completely removed the Zamindari, Mahalwari, and Ryotwari systems.
2. Tenancy reforms successfully covered 14.4% of India's total operated areas by 1992.
3. Land consolidation efforts were mainly successful in regions that experienced the Green Revolution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    1 and 2 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Kaur answered
Understanding Land Reforms in India
Land reforms in India aimed to address historical inequalities in land ownership and improve agricultural productivity. Let's analyze the statements provided:
1. Abolition of Intermediaries
- The abolition of intermediaries was a significant reform that aimed to eliminate the zamindari system, which involved intermediaries between the government and the actual cultivators.
- However, this did not completely remove the zamindari, mahalwari, and ryotwari systems, as these systems still exist in different forms in various states.
- Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
2. Tenancy Reforms Coverage
- Tenancy reforms aimed to improve the rights of tenants and ensure security of tenure.
- By 1992, these reforms covered only 14.4% of India's total operated areas, indicating limited success in implementation.
- Thus, this statement is correct.
3. Land Consolidation and the Green Revolution
- Land consolidation was an effort to merge fragmented landholdings to improve agricultural efficiency.
- The regions that experienced the Green Revolution, particularly in states like Punjab and Haryana, had successful land consolidation efforts, leading to enhanced agricultural productivity.
- Thus, this statement is correct.
Conclusion
- Based on the analysis, the correct statements are 2 and 3. Therefore, the correct answer is option C (1 and 3 only).
- The first statement is incorrect, while the second and third statements are accurate, highlighting the complex nature of land reforms in India.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. As per the 1948 policy, six industries were under the mixed sector
ii. New units could be set up by the private sector
  • a)
    i only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikhil Kapoor answered
Understanding the 1948 Policy on Mixed Sector Industries
The 1948 policy regarding mixed sector industries in India is a significant part of the country’s industrial development strategy. Let’s break down the statements provided:
Statement I: Six Industries in the Mixed Sector
- The 1948 policy indeed classified certain industries under the mixed sector.
- These industries were a blend of public and private sector participation.
- The six key industries listed included sectors critical to the economy, such as defense and heavy machinery.
Statement II: New Units by the Private Sector
- This statement is correct as well.
- The policy allowed the private sector to set up new units in the mixed sector, facilitating entrepreneurship and investment.
- This strategic inclusion aimed to promote growth, competition, and technological advancements in various industries.
Correct Answer Explanation
- Both statements are accurate, but the question specifically asks for the right ones.
- Since statement I mentions the six industries but does not specify which ones, it lacks completeness.
- Thus, statement II stands out as a clear and affirmative point.
Conclusion
- Given the accuracy of statement II and the partial nature of statement I, the correct choice is option 'A' (i only).
- This understanding reflects the balance the 1948 policy sought between public enterprise and private initiative, forming the foundation of India’s mixed economy approach.
By analyzing these statements, we can appreciate the historical context and implications of the 1948 policy on India's industrial landscape.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The 1991 industrial reforms exempted all industries from compulsory licensing
ii. There are six industries under compulsory licensing today
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhishek Das answered
The correct answer is option B: ii only.

Explanation:
The two statements given are:
i. The 1991 industrial reforms exempted all industries from compulsory licensing.
ii. There are six industries under compulsory licensing today.

Let's analyze each statement separately:

i. The 1991 industrial reforms exempted all industries from compulsory licensing:
This statement is incorrect. The 1991 industrial reforms, also known as the New Industrial Policy, aimed to liberalize and deregulate the Indian economy. While it did introduce various measures to promote industrial growth and remove unnecessary controls, it did not exempt all industries from compulsory licensing. In fact, the policy significantly reduced the list of industries requiring compulsory licensing, but it did not completely eliminate the requirement.

ii. There are six industries under compulsory licensing today:
This statement is correct. Currently, there are six industries in India that require compulsory licensing. These industries are specified under the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951. The six industries are:

1. Distillation and brewing of alcoholic drinks
2. Cigars and cigarettes of tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes
3. Electronic aerospace and defense equipment
4. Industrial explosives, including detonating fuses, safety fuses, gunpowder, nitrocellulose, and matches
5. Hazardous chemicals, including fertilizers, acids, and dyes
6. Drugs and pharmaceuticals, including vaccines and formulations

These industries require compulsory licensing to ensure safety, quality control, and regulation of production and distribution.

To summarize, statement i is incorrect as the 1991 industrial reforms did not exempt all industries from compulsory licensing. However, statement ii is correct as there are currently six industries in India that require compulsory licensing. Therefore, the correct answer is option B: ii only.

 Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Bamboo Mission
ii. The mission adopts regionally differentiated strategy for the holistic growth of bamboo sector.
  • a)
    i only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anshika Basak answered
Statement i: The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Bamboo Mission.
Statement ii: The mission adopts a regionally differentiated strategy for the holistic growth of the bamboo sector.

Both statements i and ii are correct.

Explanation:
The National Bamboo Mission (NBM) is an initiative of the Government of India that aims to promote the growth and development of bamboo in the country. It is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.

The NBM has been designed to harness the potential of bamboo as a livelihood resource and to contribute to the economic development of the country, especially in rural areas. It focuses on various aspects of bamboo cultivation, processing, and marketing.

One of the key features of the National Bamboo Mission is its regionally differentiated strategy. This means that the mission takes into account the diverse agro-climatic conditions, bamboo species, and market demands in different regions of the country. It aims to develop location-specific strategies and interventions to ensure the holistic growth of the bamboo sector.

The regionally differentiated strategy of the National Bamboo Mission recognizes that the bamboo sector has different potentials and challenges in different parts of the country. By tailoring its approach to the specific needs of each region, the mission aims to maximize the socio-economic benefits of bamboo cultivation and utilization.

The National Bamboo Mission has been successful in promoting bamboo cultivation, creating employment opportunities, and generating income for farmers and rural communities. It has also played a crucial role in promoting sustainable development, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration.

In conclusion, both statements i and ii are correct. The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Bamboo Mission, and the mission adopts a regionally differentiated strategy for the holistic growth of the bamboo sector.

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Water productivity in India is very low, with the overall irrigation efficiency of major and medium irrigation projects estimated at around 38 per cent.
Statement-II:
The efficiency of the surface irrigation system in India can be improved from about 35-40 per cent to around 60 per cent and that of groundwater from about 65-70 per cent to 75 per cent.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • b)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  • c)
    Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  • d)
    Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anushka Sharma answered
Explanation of the Correct Answer
The question evaluates two statements regarding water productivity and irrigation efficiency in India. Let's break down the statements and the reasoning behind the correct answer.
Statement-I Analysis
- Water productivity in India is indeed low.
- The overall irrigation efficiency of major and medium irrigation projects is estimated at around 38%.
- This reflects the challenges faced in the country regarding water resource management and distribution.
Statement-II Analysis
- The statement suggests that the efficiency of surface irrigation can be improved from about 35-40% to around 60%.
- It also mentions that groundwater irrigation efficiency can be enhanced from about 65-70% to 75%.
- These improvements are realistic and aligned with efforts to optimize irrigation practices.
Relationship Between Statements
- Both statements highlight the current inefficiencies in irrigation systems in India.
- Statement-II provides insights into potential improvements, thereby explaining the context of Statement-I.
- The correlation between low efficiency and the potential for improvement is significant, making Statement-II a logical extension of the issues raised in Statement-I.
Conclusion
- Thus, both statements are correct, and Statement-II effectively explains the implications of Statement-I.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A': Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II explains Statement-I.
This understanding is crucial for addressing the pressing water management issues in India, particularly in the context of agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is a centrally sponsored scheme.
ii. It enhances water-use efficiency by adopting different irrigation methods.
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
The correct answer is option 'C' - both. Both statements i and ii are correct.

Explanation:

The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at enhancing water-use efficiency by adopting different irrigation methods. Let's break down each statement to understand them better:

i. The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is a centrally sponsored scheme:
- The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is indeed a centrally sponsored scheme. Centrally sponsored schemes are those schemes that are implemented by the central government but are funded partly by the central government and partly by the state government.
- In the case of the National Mission on Micro Irrigation, the central government provides financial assistance to the state governments to implement the scheme.

ii. It enhances water-use efficiency by adopting different irrigation methods:
- The main objective of the National Mission on Micro Irrigation is to enhance water-use efficiency in agriculture.
- This is achieved by adopting different irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
- Drip irrigation involves the application of water directly to the roots of plants, reducing water wastage through evaporation and runoff.
- Sprinkler irrigation involves spraying water over the fields, mimicking natural rainfall and reducing water wastage.
- By promoting these efficient irrigation methods, the scheme aims to reduce water consumption in agriculture and ensure the sustainable use of water resources.

In conclusion, both statements i and ii are correct. The National Mission on Micro Irrigation is a centrally sponsored scheme that aims to enhance water-use efficiency in agriculture by adopting different irrigation methods.

Which of the following is a new sub-scheme under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana?
  • a)
    Integrated development of pulses village in rainfed areas.
  • b)
    Vegetable initiative for urban clusters.
  • c)
    National mission for protein supplements.
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
Integrated development of pulses village in rainfed areas
- The integrated development of pulses village in rainfed areas is a new sub-scheme under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).
- This sub-scheme aims to promote and support the cultivation of pulses in rainfed areas of the country.
- Pulses are an important source of protein and play a significant role in ensuring food security and nutrition in India.
- The sub-scheme focuses on increasing the productivity and production of pulses in rainfed areas by providing necessary infrastructure, technical support, and financial assistance to farmers.
- It aims to enhance the income of farmers engaged in pulse cultivation and improve their overall livelihoods.
- The sub-scheme also includes measures to promote the use of improved production technologies, efficient water management practices, and integrated pest and disease management.
- It aims to create a conducive environment for the cultivation of pulses by addressing various challenges such as the availability of quality seeds, access to credit, market linkages, and post-harvest management.
- The sub-scheme also emphasizes capacity building and training of farmers to adopt modern agricultural practices and technologies for pulse cultivation.
- It encourages the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices that conserve natural resources, promote soil health, and reduce the use of chemical inputs.
- The sub-scheme is implemented through a partnership approach involving various stakeholders including farmers, agricultural institutions, research organizations, and private sector entities.
- It is expected to contribute to the government's efforts towards doubling farmers' income and achieving self-sufficiency in pulses production.

Vegetable initiative for urban clusters
- The vegetable initiative for urban clusters is another new sub-scheme under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.
- This sub-scheme aims to promote the cultivation of vegetables in urban areas and peri-urban areas.
- It recognizes the growing demand for fresh and nutritious vegetables in urban centers and aims to increase their availability through local production.
- The sub-scheme focuses on promoting rooftop and vertical farming, hydroponics, and other innovative cultivation techniques suitable for urban spaces.
- It aims to encourage urban residents, especially women and youth, to take up vegetable cultivation as a source of income and employment.
- The sub-scheme provides support in terms of training, technical guidance, and financial assistance to individuals, self-help groups, and organizations involved in vegetable cultivation in urban clusters.
- It also focuses on creating market linkages and establishing direct marketing channels between urban farmers and consumers.
- The sub-scheme aims to improve the availability and affordability of fresh and hygienic vegetables in urban areas, thereby contributing to food security and nutrition.
- It also promotes the utilization of organic farming practices and sustainable agricultural technologies in urban vegetable cultivation.
- The sub-scheme is implemented through a partnership approach involving urban local bodies, horticulture departments, non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders.

National mission for protein supplements
- The national mission for protein supplements is yet another new sub-scheme under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.
- This sub-scheme aims to address the protein deficiency in the diets of the Indian population, especially among vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly.
- It recognizes the importance of protein in human nutrition and the need to enhance its availability through various sources.
- The sub-scheme focuses on promoting the production and consumption of protein-rich crops such as pulses, oilseeds, millets, and animal-based protein

Consider the following pairs:
1. National Food Security Act: Provides legal right to subsidized foodgrains for about 82 crore people
2. PM-KISAN:  the government transfers ₹6,000 annually,directly to the bank accounts of all landholding farmers, regardless of the size of their land holdings.
3. Food Processing: Includes processes from basic cleaning to value addition like bakery products and instant foods
4. Climate Smart Agriculture: Aims to guide actions to transform agricultural systems under changing climate conditions
  • a)
    Only one pair
  • b)
    Only two pairs
  • c)
    All four pairs
  • d)
    Only three pairs
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghavendra Kulkarni answered
Explanation of the Correct Answer
The answer option 'D' (Only three pairs) is correct because all the pairs presented are valid initiatives or concepts related to food security and agriculture in India. Here’s a detailed breakdown:
1. National Food Security Act
- This Act aims to provide legal entitlement to subsidized food grains to approximately 82 crore people in India.
- It is a key policy for ensuring food security and eradicating hunger.
2. PM-KISAN
- The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme provides an annual income support of ₹6,000 to all landholding farmers.
- This initiative aims to support farmers financially, irrespective of the size of their land holdings, thereby promoting agricultural sustainability.
3. Food Processing
- Food processing encompasses a broad range of activities, from basic cleaning to value addition, which includes bakery products and instant foods.
- This sector plays a critical role in reducing food wastage, enhancing food safety, and improving rural incomes.
4. Climate Smart Agriculture
- Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a strategic approach aimed at transforming agricultural systems to adapt to climate change.
- It seeks to enhance productivity, resilience, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, aligning agriculture with sustainable development goals.
Conclusion
- All four pairs are indeed relevant and valid, illustrating key aspects of India’s efforts in food security and sustainable agriculture. Hence, the answer 'D' is correct as it recognizes the validity of each pair, with three being particularly emphasized in the context of the question.

 Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The National Food Security Mission aims to increase production through area expansion.
ii. This programme was launched to enhance the production of rice, wheat and pulses.
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none 
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
Explanation:

The correct answer is option C - both statements are correct.

The National Food Security Mission (NFSM) is a government initiative launched in 2007 to increase the production of rice, wheat, and pulses in India. The main objective of the mission is to increase the production of these essential food crops and thereby ensure food security for the country. Let's analyze the given statements to understand why they are both correct.

i. The National Food Security Mission aims to increase production through area expansion.

This statement is correct. One of the key strategies of the National Food Security Mission is to increase production through area expansion. This means that the mission focuses on increasing the cultivation of rice, wheat, and pulses by promoting the expansion of the agricultural area dedicated to these crops. By increasing the area under cultivation, the aim is to boost production and meet the growing demand for food in the country.

ii. This programme was launched to enhance the production of rice, wheat, and pulses.

This statement is also correct. The National Food Security Mission was specifically launched to enhance the production of rice, wheat, and pulses. These three crops are crucial for food security in India as they form the staple diet for a significant portion of the population. By focusing on these crops, the mission aims to increase their production and ensure their availability to the people at affordable prices.

Overall, the National Food Security Mission is a government initiative aimed at increasing the production of rice, wheat, and pulses in India. It seeks to achieve this goal through strategies like area expansion. By increasing production, the mission aims to enhance food security and ensure the availability of these essential food crops to the people of the country.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme has been initiated to provide assistance for completing incomplete irrigation projects.
ii. They have to be approved by the Planning Commission to avail the benefit.
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mrinalini Roy answered
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) is a government initiative aimed at providing financial assistance for completing incomplete irrigation projects. The program aims to enhance agricultural productivity by ensuring the availability of adequate irrigation facilities to farmers.

Statement i: The Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme has been initiated to provide assistance for completing incomplete irrigation projects.

This statement is correct. The AIBP was launched by the Government of India in 1996-97 to provide financial assistance to states for completing ongoing and incomplete major and medium irrigation projects.

Statement ii: They have to be approved by the Planning Commission to avail the benefit.

This statement is incorrect. The Planning Commission, which was responsible for approving projects earlier, was replaced by the NITI Aayog in 2014. As of now, project approvals are granted by the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, in consultation with the concerned state governments.

Since statement i is correct and statement ii is incorrect, the correct option is (c) both.

In conclusion, the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) has been initiated to provide assistance for completing incomplete irrigation projects. However, these projects no longer require approval from the Planning Commission, as it has been replaced by the NITI Aayog.

Which of the following is a function of NABARD?
  • a)
    Monitoring flow of ground level credit to agriculture
  • b)
    Credit planning and monitoring
  • c)
    Formulation of operational guidelines for rural financial institutions
  • d)
    All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nisha Tiwari answered
Functions of NABARD
NABARD, or the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, plays a crucial role in the development of rural areas and agriculture in India. Its functions are multifaceted and essential for ensuring the growth of the rural economy.
1. Monitoring Flow of Ground Level Credit to Agriculture
- NABARD actively monitors the distribution of credit at the grassroots level to ensure that farmers and rural entrepreneurs have access to necessary financial resources.
- By tracking the flow of credit, NABARD can identify gaps and work with financial institutions to enhance lending to the agricultural sector.
2. Credit Planning and Monitoring
- NABARD is responsible for planning and implementing credit policies for agricultural and rural development.
- It assesses the credit needs of the rural economy and formulates strategies to meet these needs effectively, ensuring sustainable growth.
3. Formulation of Operational Guidelines for Rural Financial Institutions
- NABARD develops operational guidelines that govern the functioning of rural financial institutions, ensuring they operate efficiently and effectively.
- These guidelines help in standardizing practices across institutions, promoting transparency and accountability in rural finance.
Conclusion
- Given its diverse responsibilities, the correct answer is option 'D' - all the above.
- NABARD's comprehensive approach ensures that it addresses various aspects of agricultural finance and rural development, making it a pivotal institution for the overall growth of India's rural economy.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Horticulture Mission
ii.All the states are covered under the NHM
  • a)
    i only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
Statement i: The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Horticulture Mission
The statement is correct. The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for implementing various agricultural programs and schemes in India. One of the schemes implemented by the Ministry is the National Horticulture Mission (NHM). NHM aims to promote holistic growth of the horticulture sector, including fruits, vegetables, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, and mushrooms. It provides support for the establishment of orchards, nurseries, post-harvest infrastructure, and marketing facilities. The Ministry plays a crucial role in the implementation and monitoring of NHM, ensuring the effective utilization of funds and achieving the objectives of the mission.

Statement ii: All the states are covered under the NHM
The statement is incorrect. While NHM covers a significant number of states in India, it does not cover all states. The mission is implemented in a decentralized manner, and states have the flexibility to prioritize and choose the horticulture crops and activities to be covered under the mission. Each state prepares its own perspective plan and annual action plan based on the specific needs and potential of horticulture in their region. The central government provides financial assistance to the states based on their proposals and progress reports. Therefore, the coverage of NHM varies from state to state, depending on their participation and commitment towards horticulture development.

Conclusion
Based on the analysis above, the correct statement is i) The Ministry of Agriculture implements the National Horticulture Mission.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. The Antyodaya Anna Yojana provides food security to the poorest families
ii. It includes a new category other than BPL and APL in the PDS
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Sharma answered
Introduction:
The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) is a government scheme aimed at providing food security to the poorest families in India. It is a part of the Public Distribution System (PDS) and was launched in December 2000.

Statement i: The Antyodaya Anna Yojana provides food security to the poorest families
This statement is correct. The primary objective of the Antyodaya Anna Yojana is to provide food security to the poorest families in India. Under this scheme, eligible households are provided highly subsidized food grains through the PDS. The scheme targets the poorest of the poor by identifying and including them as beneficiaries.

Statement ii: It includes a new category other than BPL and APL in the PDS
This statement is also correct. The Antyodaya Anna Yojana introduced a new category in the PDS, in addition to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL) categories. This new category is called Antyodaya households and is specifically aimed at providing food security to the poorest families who were not covered under the BPL category.

Conclusion:
Both the statements given are correct. The Antyodaya Anna Yojana provides food security to the poorest families and it includes a new category called Antyodaya households in addition to the BPL and APL categories in the PDS. This scheme has been instrumental in ensuring that the most vulnerable sections of society have access to affordable and nutritious food grains.

Consider the following pairs:
1. Crop Diversification Programme (CDP) - Shift from tobacco to alternative crops in tobacco-growing states.
2. Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) - Promoted under Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY).
3. International Year of Millets (IYM) - 2023 designated by the United Nations.
4. Second Green Revolution - Proposal for incorporating genetically modified foods (GMFs).

How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
  • a)
    Only one pair
  • b)
    Only two pairs
  • c)
    Only three pairs
  • d)
    All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Upsc Toppers answered
1. Correctly Matched: Crop Diversification Programme (CDP) - Shift from tobacco to alternative crops in tobacco-growing states. The CDP was expanded in 2015-16 to include shifting areas under tobacco farming to alternative crops.
2. Correctly Matched: Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) - Promoted under Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY). ZBNF is indeed one of the forms of organic farming promoted under PKVY.
3. Correctly Matched: International Year of Millets (IYM) - 2023 designated by the United Nations. The UNO has designated 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
4. Incorrectly Matched: Second Green Revolution - Proposal for incorporating genetically modified foods (GMFs). The Second Green Revolution did include proposals for incorporating GMFs, but the Second Green Revolution itself is not a program that was initiated solely for GMFs.

Thus, three pairs are correctly matched.

Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
i. NABARD provides consultancy service.
ii. NABARD supervises rural financial institutions
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    ii only
  • c)
    both
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikhil Saini answered
i. NABARD provides consultancy service.
  • This statement is correct. NABARD offers consultancy services in various fields such as agriculture, rural development, and other areas related to its functions and mandate.
ii. NABARD supervises rural financial institutions.
  • This statement is also correct. NABARD supervises Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Cooperative Banks to ensure their proper functioning and to strengthen the rural financial system.
Given that both statements are correct, the right answer is:
         3. both

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