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All questions of September 2024 for CUET Commerce Exam

What measures is India implementing to counteract the impact of increased Chinese imports on its economy?
  • a)
    Reducing tariffs on Chinese goods
  • b)
    Collaborating exclusively with neighboring countries
  • c)
    Imposing anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties
  • d)
    Completely banning all imports from China
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Gargi Kumar answered
Impact of Increased Chinese Imports on India's Economy
India has been facing challenges due to a surge in imports from China, which has implications for local industries and the economy. To address these issues, the Indian government has implemented several measures, among which imposing anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties stands out as a key strategy.
Understanding Anti-Dumping and Anti-Subsidy Duties
- Anti-dumping duties are tariffs imposed on foreign imports priced below fair market value, which helps protect domestic industries from unfair competition.
- Anti-subsidy duties are imposed on goods that benefit from foreign government subsidies, counteracting the advantage these goods have over local products.
Reasons for Implementing These Measures
- Protecting Domestic Industries: By imposing these duties, India aims to safeguard its manufacturing sectors, allowing local businesses to compete more effectively against cheaper Chinese imports.
- Encouraging Local Production: The duties incentivize domestic production and investment, helping to boost the overall economy and create jobs.
- Balancing Trade Deficit: With China being a significant trading partner, these measures help in addressing the trade imbalance, thus enhancing economic stability.
Conclusion
While reducing tariffs or completely banning imports may seem tempting, such approaches could lead to retaliation or disrupt supply chains. The strategy of imposing anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties is a more balanced approach, aimed at protecting local industries while still engaging in necessary trade. This method not only addresses immediate economic concerns but also promotes sustainable growth for India's manufacturing sector.

What is a mini-moon?
  • a)
    A permanent satellite orbiting Earth
  • b)
    A small asteroid temporarily captured by Earth's gravity
  • c)
    A type of comet that orbits Earth
  • d)
    A moon that has lost its orbit and is drifting into space
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
A mini-moon refers to a small asteroid that is temporarily captured by Earth's gravitational field. Unlike the permanent moon, which orbits Earth consistently, mini-moons have a limited duration in orbit before they escape back into space. This phenomenon is quite rare, as most asteroids either pass by Earth or burn up in the atmosphere.

What is the primary concern regarding the proposed integration of GST data into GDP estimation methods?
  • a)
    It will increase the complexity of GDP calculations.
  • b)
    The GST dataset may not be validated for policy research.
  • c)
    It will reduce the accuracy of GDP estimates.
  • d)
    GST data is less comprehensive than previous datasets.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The main concern about integrating GST data into GDP estimation is its potential lack of validation for policy research. While GST data is comprehensive and up-to-date, it is crucial for the National Statistical Office to conduct pilot studies to ensure its reliability before widespread implementation. This caution aims to prevent repeating past errors associated with overestimating GDP using less reliable data sources.

Who won a silver medal in the women's singles SU5 event at the Paris Paralympics 2024?
  • a)
    Thulasi Murugesan
  • b)
    Pramod Bhagat
  • c)
    Manasi Joshi
  • d)
    Palak Kohli
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ashish Datta answered
Overview of Women's Singles SU5 Event
The Women's Singles SU5 event is a significant category in para-badminton, specifically designed for athletes with physical impairments. The Paris Paralympics 2024 showcased remarkable talent and intense competition among the participants.

Thulasi Murugesan's Achievement
- Thulasi Murugesan emerged as a standout athlete in the SU5 category.
- She displayed exceptional skills and resilience throughout the tournament, culminating in her winning a silver medal.
- Murugesan's journey to the finals illustrated her dedication and hard work.

Significance of the Silver Medal
- Securing a silver medal at the Paralympics is a monumental achievement, representing not just individual talent but also the hard work of her coaches and support team.
- This accomplishment places Thulasi Murugesan in the spotlight, inspiring aspiring para-athletes across the globe.

Comparison with Other Athletes
- While other notable competitors, such as Manasi Joshi and Palak Kohli, also showcased their skills, Murugesan's performance stood out due to her strategic gameplay and mental fortitude.
- Each athlete brought their unique strengths to the competition, but Murugesan's consistency and focus allowed her to excel under pressure.

Conclusion
Thulasi Murugesan's silver medal in the Women's Singles SU5 event at the Paris Paralympics 2024 marks a significant milestone in her athletic career. Her achievement not only highlights her prowess but also contributes to the growing recognition of para-sports on the global stage.

Which of the following criteria is NOT part of the Ramsar site designation criteria?
  • a)
    Representation of rare or unique natural wetland types.
  • b)
    Support for 1% of a population of a single waterbird species.
  • c)
    Maintenance of a human population's livelihood.
  • d)
    Provision of refuge during adverse conditions.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Dhruba Menon answered
Understanding Ramsar Site Designation Criteria
Ramsar sites are designated under the Ramsar Convention, which aims to conserve wetlands of international importance. The criteria for designation are specifically focused on the ecological aspects of wetlands, not directly on human populations.
Criteria for Ramsar Site Designation
- Representation of Rare or Unique Natural Wetland Types:
Wetlands that represent rare or unique types are prioritized for protection to ensure biodiversity and ecological balance.
- Support for 1% of a Population of a Single Waterbird Species:
Sites that support significant populations of waterbirds are essential for the conservation of these species and their habitats.
- Provision of Refuge During Adverse Conditions:
Wetlands that provide refuge, particularly during droughts or other adverse environmental conditions, are critical for the survival of various species.
Why Option 'C' is Correct
- Maintenance of a Human Population's Livelihood:
This criterion is NOT part of the Ramsar designation. While human livelihoods can be affected by wetland health, the Ramsar Convention primarily focuses on ecological criteria rather than human economic activities.
Conclusion
Understanding the criteria for Ramsar site designation helps clarify the focus on ecological integrity and species conservation, distinguishing it from considerations of human livelihoods, which are not a primary concern of the Ramsar framework.

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with cellulitis?
  • a)
    High blood pressure
  • b)
    Blisters and skin dimpling
  • c)
    Swelling and inflammation
  • d)
    Cold sweats and fever
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Samarth Unni answered
Understanding Cellulitis Symptoms
Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection characterized by inflammation. However, not all symptoms listed are typically associated with it. Let's clarify the symptoms in question.
Symptoms of Cellulitis
- Swelling and Inflammation: This is a hallmark symptom of cellulitis. The affected area often appears swollen, red, and warm to the touch. This response is due to the body's immune reaction to the infection.
- Blisters and Skin Dimpling: While not the most common, blistering can occur in severe cases of cellulitis. Skin dimpling is less typical but may appear in cases where there is significant edema.
- High Blood Pressure: This is not a direct symptom of cellulitis. It may occur due to stress or pain but is not a classic sign of the infection itself.
- Cold Sweats and Fever: These systemic symptoms are often present as the body fights the infection. Fever can indicate the severity of the infection and is frequently observed.
Conclusion
In summary, the symptom that is NOT typically associated with cellulitis is High Blood Pressure. It is essential to recognize the correct symptoms for timely diagnosis and treatment. Understanding these symptoms can help individuals seek medical attention promptly, ensuring effective management of cellulitis.

What legal action has the news agency ANI taken against the Wikimedia Foundation?
  • a)
    A request for information regarding user edits
  • b)
    A defamation lawsuit
  • c)
    A copyright infringement claim
  • d)
    A petition to block Wikipedia in India
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepika Gupta answered
Legal Action by ANI Against Wikimedia Foundation
The news agency ANI (Asian News International) has taken significant legal action against the Wikimedia Foundation, primarily focusing on allegations of defamation. This action highlights concerns regarding the integrity of information published about ANI on Wikipedia.
Background of the Case
- ANI has accused Wikipedia of publishing false and misleading information about its operations and credibility.
- The agency asserts that such content can harm its reputation and mislead the public.
Details of the Defamation Lawsuit
- ANI's lawsuit seeks to hold the Wikimedia Foundation accountable for the alleged defamatory statements made on its platform.
- The legal action aims to compel Wikimedia to remove or amend the content, which ANI considers damaging.
Implications of the Lawsuit
- This lawsuit could set a precedent for how news organizations interact with user-generated content on platforms like Wikipedia.
- It raises important questions about the balance between free expression and protecting the reputations of organizations.
Conclusion
The defamation lawsuit filed by ANI against the Wikimedia Foundation underscores the ongoing tensions between traditional media and digital information platforms. As the case progresses, it may have far-reaching implications for how information is curated and regulated online.

What is the conviction rate for cases of atrocities against Scheduled Castes (SCs) in 2022?
  • a)
    39.2%
  • b)
    32.4%
  • c)
    60.38%
  • d)
    14.78%
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The conviction rate for atrocities against Scheduled Castes in 2022 was recorded at 32.4%, a decline from 39.2% in 2020. This decrease raises concerns about the effectiveness of legal mechanisms in protecting the rights of SCs and ensuring justice for victims of atrocities.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Naga King Chilli?
  • a)
    It has a low Scoville heat unit rating.
  • b)
    It is primarily grown in bamboo groves.
  • c)
    It is known for its sweet flavor.
  • d)
    It received a Geographical Indication tag in 2020.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The Naga King Chilli, also known as raja mircha or Bhoot Jolokia, is primarily cultivated in areas with large bamboo groves in Nagaland. This spice is renowned for its extreme heat, measuring over 1 million Scoville heat units, making it one of the hottest chillies in the world. The Geographical Indication tag was granted in 2008, which helps protect the unique qualities of this local product.

What is the primary focus of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita introduced by PM Modi?
  • a)
    To enhance judicial transparency
  • b)
    To prioritize citizen rights and dignity
  • c)
    To eliminate all colonial-era laws
  • d)
    To regulate the economic sector
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Primary Focus of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, introduced under the leadership of Prime Minister Modi, aims to reshape India’s legal framework with a strong emphasis on prioritizing citizen rights and dignity. This focus is crucial for fostering a more equitable and just society.

Key Aspects of Citizen Rights and Dignity
- Empowerment of Citizens: The legislation seeks to empower individuals by ensuring that their rights are protected and upheld within the judicial system.
- Access to Justice: By prioritizing citizen rights, the law aims to enhance access to justice, making it easier for individuals to seek redress and support from the legal system.
- Protection of Dignity: The emphasis on dignity reflects a commitment to treating all individuals with respect and fairness, recognizing the inherent worth of every citizen.

Broader Implications
- Reforming Judicial Processes: This focus can lead to reforms in judicial processes that make them more responsive to the needs of citizens.
- Encouraging Legal Literacy: By emphasizing rights, the initiative may also encourage legal literacy among citizens, empowering them to understand and advocate for their rights effectively.
- Catalyst for Change: Focusing on citizen rights and dignity can act as a catalyst for broader societal changes, promoting equality and justice.
In summary, while the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita addresses various aspects of the legal system, its primary focus on prioritizing citizen rights and dignity sets a progressive tone for the future of justice in India.

Which project by the Border Roads Organisation aims to enhance connectivity to Leh by reducing travel distance?
  • a)
    Manali-Leh Highway
  • b)
    Nimu-Padam-Darcha Road
  • c)
    Srinagar-Kargil Road
  • d)
    Leh-Demchok Road
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The Nimu-Padam-Darcha Road is a significant project by the Border Roads Organisation designed to enhance connectivity to Leh by reducing the distance from Manali to Leh by 60 kilometers. This improvement is crucial for facilitating better access and transport, especially given the strategic importance of the region. A noteworthy aspect of this project is that it includes the construction of the Shinku La tunnel, which will be the highest tunnel in the world at 15,800 feet.

In the 2024-25 Union Budget, what fiscal deficit target did the government set for 2025-26?
  • a)
    3% of GDP
  • b)
    4.5% of GDP
  • c)
    5% of GDP
  • d)
    6% of GDP
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Ahuja answered
Understanding the Fiscal Deficit Target for 2025-26
The fiscal deficit target set by the government in the 2024-25 Union Budget is a crucial aspect of India's economic strategy.
What is Fiscal Deficit?
- Fiscal deficit occurs when a government's total expenditures exceed its total revenues, excluding money from borrowings.
- It is expressed as a percentage of GDP, indicating the extent of a country's financial health.
Target for 2025-26
- The government has set the fiscal deficit target for 2025-26 at 4.5% of GDP.
- This target is part of a broader plan aimed at fiscal consolidation while ensuring sustainable economic growth.
Importance of the 4.5% Target
- Achieving a fiscal deficit of 4.5% is seen as a balancing act that allows for necessary public spending while maintaining investor confidence.
- It aligns with the government's objective to reduce the fiscal deficit progressively, moving towards a more sustainable level.
Context and Implications
- The target reflects the government's commitment to fiscal discipline, especially in the wake of increased spending during economic recovery phases.
- Setting a clear target helps in planning and implementing policies that encourage growth while managing national debt.
Conclusion
- The fiscal deficit target of 4.5% of GDP for 2025-26 is pivotal as India continues to navigate economic challenges and opportunities.
- Achieving this target will require careful management of expenditures and revenues, ensuring long-term economic stability.

What is the primary reason for the increase in India's reliance on copper imports in recent years?
  • a)
    Decrease in domestic production capabilities
  • b)
    High global demand for copper
  • c)
    Closure of domestic copper mines
  • d)
    Strict government regulations on mining
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
India's reliance on copper imports has significantly increased due to the closure of domestic copper mines, such as the Sterlite facility, which has directly impacted production levels. Additionally, while global demand for copper is rising, the primary factor for increased imports is the substantial drop in local production, reinforcing the need for India to seek external sources to meet its industrial requirements.

What is the primary function of the Fundamental Duties outlined in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution?
  • a)
    To provide legal rights to citizens
  • b)
    To serve as moral obligations for citizens
  • c)
    To establish government responsibilities
  • d)
    To define the powers of the judiciary
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

The Fundamental Duties in Article 51A serve as moral obligations that every citizen is expected to uphold. They remind citizens of their responsibilities towards the nation and encourage civic responsibility. Unlike Fundamental Rights, these duties are not legally enforceable but are essential for promoting a sense of duty and national integrity among the populace.

What is a significant benefit of the Pusa-2090 rice variety compared to Pusa-44 in addressing farm fires in Punjab and Haryana?
  • a)
    It has a longer maturity period.
  • b)
    It requires more irrigation.
  • c)
    It can be harvested earlier, reducing stubble burning.
  • d)
    It yields less per acre than Pusa-44.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The Pusa-2090 rice variety can be harvested earlier than Pusa-44, which significantly reduces the need for stubble burning before wheat sowing. This is crucial in addressing the environmental issues related to farm fires in Punjab and Haryana, as stubble burning contributes to severe air pollution. By adopting Pusa-2090, farmers can maintain similar yields while mitigating the need for harmful practices like burning leftover straw.

What is the primary reason for the slower growth in bank deposits as indicated by recent trends?
  • a)
    Increased lending rates
  • b)
    Shift of household savings to capital markets
  • c)
    Decrease in population
  • d)
    Increased competition among banks
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
The slower growth in bank deposits is primarily attributed to a notable shift of household savings from traditional savings accounts in banks to capital markets. Following the Covid-19 pandemic, many individuals have sought higher returns available through equity markets and mutual funds. This trend is supported by advancements in digital infrastructure that make investing more accessible. As a result, banks are experiencing a reduced growth rate in deposits compared to the rise in credit growth.

How does the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) primarily transmit to humans?
  • a)
    Through direct contact with infected individuals
  • b)
    Through contaminated food and water
  • c)
    Via airborne particles in crowded places
  • d)
    Through insect bites
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The Hepatitis E virus primarily transmits through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food and water. This means that individuals can become infected by consuming food or drinking water that has been contaminated with fecal matter containing the virus. Ensuring access to clean water and proper sanitation practices are crucial for preventing HEV transmission. Interestingly, while HEV outbreaks are more common in developing countries, they can occur in any region where sanitation is compromised.

How does the 'Atal Bhujal Yojana' aim to tackle groundwater issues in India?
  • a)
    By providing financial incentives for rainwater harvesting
  • b)
    By focusing on community involvement and sustainable groundwater use
  • c)
    By promoting urban water supply projects
  • d)
    By implementing nationwide water treatment facilities
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rounak Singh answered
Atal Bhujal Yojana: Overview
The Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABY) is a flagship scheme launched by the Government of India to address the pressing issue of groundwater depletion. The initiative focuses on sustainable management of groundwater resources, particularly in water-stressed areas.
Community Involvement
One of the core pillars of the ABY is community engagement:
- Participatory Approach: The scheme emphasizes the importance of local communities in managing groundwater resources. It encourages community participation in decision-making processes related to water usage.
- Awareness Campaigns: The program conducts awareness campaigns to educate communities about the significance of sustainable groundwater use and the impact of over-extraction.
Sustainable Groundwater Use
ABY promotes practices that ensure the long-term viability of groundwater:
- Recharge Projects: It incentivizes projects aimed at recharging groundwater levels, such as constructing check dams and promoting rainwater harvesting.
- Water Conservation: The scheme encourages practices that conserve water, reducing dependency on groundwater sources.
Collaboration with States
The scheme involves collaboration with state governments to implement groundwater management strategies effectively:
- State Action Plans: States are required to develop action plans tailored to local conditions, which align with the objectives of ABY.
- Data-driven Approach: The use of technology and data analytics helps in monitoring groundwater levels and usage patterns, facilitating informed decision-making.
In conclusion, the Atal Bhujal Yojana aims to tackle groundwater issues in India primarily by focusing on community involvement and sustainable groundwater use, thus fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among local populations.

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the World Gold Council?
  • a)
    To regulate gold mining practices worldwide
  • b)
    To develop the gold market and increase demand for gold
  • c)
    To promote alternative investments over gold
  • d)
    To control the pricing of gold in international markets
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mayank Joshi answered
The Primary Purpose of the World Gold Council
The World Gold Council (WGC) is an influential organization that plays a crucial role in the gold industry. Its primary purpose is to develop the gold market and increase demand for gold. Here’s a detailed explanation of this purpose:

Market Development
- The WGC focuses on initiatives that enhance the global gold market. This includes promoting gold as an investment asset and a safe haven during economic uncertainty.
- By collaborating with stakeholders, the WGC aims to create a more robust and sustainable gold market.

Increasing Demand
- One of the main objectives of the WGC is to stimulate demand for gold across various sectors, including investment, jewelry, and technology.
- They undertake marketing campaigns and educational initiatives to inform the public and investors about the benefits of gold, thus encouraging its purchase.

Research and Insights
- The WGC provides valuable research and insights into gold trends, market dynamics, and consumer behavior.
- This information is vital for investors and businesses looking to understand the gold market better.

International Collaboration
- The council works with governments, financial institutions, and other organizations worldwide to promote policies that support the gold industry.
- By fostering collaboration, the WGC aims to enhance market confidence and stability.
In summary, the World Gold Council primarily aims to develop the gold market and increase demand for gold, thereby contributing to the overall health and sustainability of the gold industry.

Which climatic phenomenon is characterized by the cooling of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean?
  • a)
    El Niño
  • b)
    La Niña
  • c)
    Monsoon
  • d)
    Cyclone
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Understanding La Niña
La Niña is a climatic phenomenon that is characterized by the cooling of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon is part of the larger El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which includes both El Niño (warming) and La Niña (cooling) phases.
Key Features of La Niña:
- Temperature Variations: La Niña occurs when sea surface temperatures drop significantly below average, particularly in the equatorial Pacific.
- Trade Winds: It is associated with stronger than normal trade winds, which push warm water westward and allow cooler water to rise from the depths in the eastern Pacific.
Impact on Weather Patterns:
- Precipitation: La Niña typically leads to increased rainfall in the western Pacific, including parts of Southeast Asia and Australia, while causing drier conditions in the eastern Pacific, affecting countries like Peru.
- Hurricanes: It can also influence hurricane activity in the Atlantic, often leading to more favorable conditions for storm development.
Comparison with El Niño:
- While La Niña brings cooler ocean temperatures and can lead to wetter conditions in some areas, El Niño is marked by warmer sea surface temperatures and often results in opposite weather patterns, such as increased rainfall in the eastern Pacific.
Understanding La Niña is crucial for predicting seasonal weather patterns and preparing for potential climatic impacts globally.

What key feature distinguishes the structure of the Indian judiciary?
  • a)
    A dual system of courts
  • b)
    A unified three-tier division
  • c)
    Exclusive jurisdiction by the Supreme Court
  • d)
    The absence of regional courts
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The Indian judiciary is characterized by a unified three-tier division, which includes lower courts, high courts, and the Supreme Court. Disputes typically start in lower courts and can be escalated to higher courts based on the complexity and significance of the cases. This structured system ensures that justice is accessible at different levels, accommodating various types of disputes and the needs of the populace. An interesting fact is that this hierarchy allows for a systematic approach to legal appeals, ensuring that more serious cases receive the attention of higher courts, which are better equipped to handle complex legal matters.

What significant change does the Digital Personal Data Protection Act propose regarding the Right to Information Act?
  • a)
    It expands the definition of public information
  • b)
    It mandates the digitization of all records
  • c)
    It prohibits disclosure of personal information about public officials
  • d)
    It eliminates penalties for non-compliance
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Lakshya Sagare answered
The correct answer is option c because:-

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act proposes to amend the Right to Information Act by prohibiting the disclosure of personal information related to public officials, even when such disclosure is justified in the public interest.

What has driven India's transformation into a more attractive emerging market for investors?
  • a)
    Decreased labor force participation
  • b)
    Significant economic reforms and infrastructure investments
  • c)
    Political instability and corruption
  • d)
    Reduced foreign investment opportunities
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
India's attractiveness as an emerging market stems from significant economic reforms, structural changes, and substantial infrastructure investments. These developments have bolstered investor confidence and positioned India as a favorable destination for global capital, particularly as investors seek alternatives amid geopolitical tensions elsewhere.

What does the retraction index measure in academic journals?
  • a)
    The total number of papers published
  • b)
    The frequency of retractions in relation to published papers
  • c)
    The impact factor of the journal
  • d)
    The number of citations received by articles
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sneha Sen answered
Understanding the Retraction Index
The retraction index is an important metric in the realm of academic publishing, providing insights into the integrity and reliability of research findings.
What is the Retraction Index?
- The retraction index measures the frequency of retractions in relation to the total number of published papers within a specific academic journal.
- It serves as an indicator of the journal's commitment to maintaining quality and ethical standards in research publications.
Importance of the Retraction Index
- Quality Control: A high retraction index may signal issues with the publication process, such as inadequate peer review or ethical violations.
- Research Integrity: It helps researchers and readers gauge the reliability of the journal's published content.
- Impact on Reputation: Journals with a lower retraction index are generally perceived as more trustworthy, enhancing their reputation in academic circles.
How is it calculated?
- The retraction index is typically calculated by dividing the number of retracted articles by the total number of articles published in the journal over a certain period.
- For instance, if a journal publishes 1000 articles and has 5 retractions, the retraction index would be 0.5%, indicating a relatively low frequency of retractions.
Conclusion
In summary, the retraction index is a vital measure for assessing the credibility of academic journals. By understanding this metric, researchers can make informed decisions about where to publish or which sources to trust for their work.

What percentage of global fish stocks are currently overfished, according to the WTO?
  • a)
    10%
  • b)
    25%
  • c)
    37.7%
  • d)
    50%
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rithika Iyer answered
Global Overfishing Overview
Overfishing refers to the depletion of fish stocks, where the rate of fishing exceeds the fish population’s natural ability to replenish. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), a significant portion of global fish stocks is overfished.
Current Statistics
- Approximately 37.7% of global fish stocks are currently classified as overfished.
- This figure highlights a critical concern in marine biodiversity and sustainability.
Implications of Overfishing
- Ecological Balance: Overfishing disrupts marine ecosystems, leading to a decline in fish populations and affecting other species dependent on these fish.
- Economic Impact: Many communities rely on fishing for their livelihoods. Depletion of stocks can threaten jobs and local economies.
- Food Security: Fish is a primary source of protein for billions of people worldwide. Overfishing jeopardizes this essential resource.
Contributing Factors
- Unsustainable Fishing Practices: Techniques such as trawling and longlining can lead to significant bycatch and habitat destruction.
- Regulatory Failures: Inadequate enforcement of fishing quotas and regulations contributes to the continued overfishing crisis.
Moving Forward
- Sustainable Practices: Implementing sustainable fishing practices and stricter regulations is essential to restore fish stocks.
- Global Cooperation: International collaboration is critical to manage and protect marine resources effectively.
Recognizing the severity of overfishing, it's imperative for governments, organizations, and individuals to take action to safeguard our oceans for future generations.

What is a significant factor contributing to the decline in private sector investment in India as mentioned in recent discussions?
  • a)
    Increased government spending on infrastructure
  • b)
    Higher interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of India
  • c)
    Decreased willingness of banks to lend to the private sector
  • d)
    A surge in foreign direct investment
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The decline in private sector investment is largely attributed to the diminished willingness of banks to lend to the private sector. This has resulted in a growing credit gap, where the growth of credit is not keeping pace with deposit growth, leading to liquidity challenges for banks. A strong private sector investment is crucial for economic growth, especially in job creation. Interestingly, even with government spending on infrastructure, the private sector's contribution remains essential for balanced economic development.

What historical significance do the Kolkata trams hold in relation to India's cultural identity?
  • a)
    They represent modern technological advancements
  • b)
    They symbolize India's colonial past and cultural identity
  • c)
    They are a part of India's independence movement
  • d)
    They indicate the decline of public transportation
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
Kolkata's trams symbolize India's colonial past and cultural identity as the oldest running tram system in the country, dating back to their introduction in 1873. They reflect a unique aspect of the city's heritage and have persisted as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation, representing resilience in the face of modernization. Interestingly, these trams not only serve as a means of public transport but also as a nostalgic tourist attraction, offering visitors a glimpse into Kolkata's rich history.

What is the primary function of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China?
  • a)
    It serves as an officially recognized international border.
  • b)
    It acts as a de facto boundary differentiating control of territories.
  • c)
    It is a trade route for goods between India and China.
  • d)
    It is a military installation established by both countries.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Swara Bajaj answered
Understanding the Line of Actual Control (LAC)
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is a significant feature in the India-China relationship, primarily serving as a de facto boundary between the two nations. Here’s a detailed explanation of its function:
De Facto Boundary
- The LAC represents the effective control that each nation exercises over areas along the border, which is not recognized as an official international border.
- It delineates the territories currently controlled by India and China, even though the exact demarcation is often disputed.
Significance of the LAC
- The LAC emerged from the Sino-Indian War of 1962 and has since been a focal point of military and diplomatic tensions.
- Unlike an internationally recognized border, the LAC is marked by a series of patrol points and areas where both countries have established military presence.
Disputed Territory
- The boundaries along the LAC remain unclear, leading to frequent skirmishes and confrontations between Indian and Chinese forces.
- Both countries have differing perceptions of where the LAC lies, causing ambiguity and conflict.
Conclusion
- Thus, the LAC primarily acts as a de facto boundary that differentiates the control of territories between India and China, rather than serving as a formal border or trade route.
- Understanding the LAC is crucial for comprehending the complexities of India-China relations and the ongoing territorial disputes.

What is India's target for non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity by 2030 as per the commitments made at COP26?
  • a)
    300 GW
  • b)
    400 GW
  • c)
    500 GW
  • d)
    600 GW
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arshiya Nair answered
India's Commitment at COP26
India made significant commitments at the COP26 summit, emphasizing its dedication to combating climate change and transitioning to sustainable energy sources.
Target for Non-Fossil Fuel-Based Energy Capacity
- India aims to achieve a non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity of 500 GW by the year 2030.
- This ambitious target reflects India’s commitment to reducing dependency on fossil fuels and promoting renewable energy sources.
Importance of the Target
- Achieving 500 GW will significantly contribute to global efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- The shift to non-fossil energy is crucial for enhancing energy security and addressing climate challenges.
Strategies to Achieve the Target
- Investment in Renewable Energy: India plans to invest heavily in solar, wind, and other renewable energy technologies.
- Policy Frameworks: Implementing supportive policies and incentives to encourage private sector participation in renewable energy projects.
- International Cooperation: Collaborating with other nations for technology transfer and financial assistance.
Conclusion
India’s commitment to reaching 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity is a vital step towards a sustainable future and demonstrates its leadership in global climate action. This goal aligns with the broader global aspirations to limit temperature rise and foster a cleaner environment for future generations.

What is the purpose of the Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training (RESET) Programme?
  • a)
    To train retired sportspersons as coaches
  • b)
    To provide employment skills and opportunities to retired athletes
  • c)
    To provide financial support to retired athletes
  • d)
    To promote sports among youth
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Tarun Nambiar answered
Purpose of the RESET Programme
The Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training (RESET) Programme is designed to assist retired athletes in transitioning to new careers and opportunities after their sporting careers have ended.

Key Objectives of RESET
  • Employment Skills Development: The primary aim of the RESET Programme is to equip retired sportspersons with essential skills that enhance their employability in various sectors. This includes training in areas such as communication, leadership, and teamwork, which are vital in most job environments.
  • Career Transition Support: Retired athletes often struggle to find a new career path after their sports careers. RESET provides mentorship and guidance, helping them navigate the job market effectively.
  • Networking Opportunities: The programme creates a platform for retired sportspersons to connect with industry professionals, potential employers, and other retired athletes, fostering valuable relationships that could lead to job opportunities.
  • Workshops and Training Sessions: Participants engage in various workshops that focus on skill enhancement, resume building, and interview techniques, ensuring they are well-prepared for the workforce.



Conclusion
In summary, the RESET Programme's focus on providing employment skills and opportunities directly addresses the challenges retired athletes face in transitioning to civilian careers. By enhancing their employability and supporting their career development, the programme plays a crucial role in empowering these individuals to lead fulfilling lives post-retirement.

What recent directive was issued to the Central Pollution Control Board regarding electronic waste?
  • a)
    To reduce the number of electronic devices produced
  • b)
    To file a status report on the generation and treatment of electronic waste
  • c)
    To ban all electronic devices in urban areas
  • d)
    To promote the recycling of plastic waste only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The National Green Tribunal directed the CPCB to file a fresh status report concerning the generation and treatment of electronic waste across all states. This directive highlights the growing concern over electronic waste management, which is critical due to the environmental hazards posed by improper disposal. An interesting aspect of electronic waste is that it can contain valuable materials like gold and silver, which can be recovered through proper recycling processes.

What legal requirement is necessary before prosecuting armed forces personnel under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), 1958?
  • a)
    Approval from the Supreme Court
  • b)
    Permission from the state government
  • c)
    Sanction from the Central Government
  • d)
    Consent from local authorities
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anmol Banerjee answered
Legal Requirement Under AFSPA
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), 1958, is a controversial legislation in India that grants special powers to the armed forces in areas deemed "disturbed." One crucial aspect of this act is the legal requirement necessary for prosecuting armed forces personnel.
Sanction from the Central Government
- Before any prosecution of armed forces personnel under AFSPA can take place, it is mandatory to obtain prior sanction from the Central Government.
- This requirement is designed to protect armed forces personnel from frivolous lawsuits and ensure that only serious allegations are pursued.
Implications of the Requirement
- The need for Central Government sanction creates a barrier to legal accountability for armed forces personnel.
- This has led to debates regarding human rights and the impact of AFSPA on civilians in disturbed areas.
Context of the Act
- AFSPA was enacted to deal with insurgency and maintain public order in conflict zones.
- The act allows armed forces to use force, arrest without warrant, and conduct searches in areas designated as disturbed.
Conclusion
- In summary, the requirement of obtaining sanction from the Central Government before prosecuting armed forces personnel under AFSPA emphasizes the balance between national security and legal accountability.
- It reflects the complexities involved in addressing security challenges while safeguarding human rights.

In which sport did Nitesh Kumar win a historic gold medal in the men's singles SL3 category at the Paralympics?
  • a)
    Table Tennis
  • b)
    Badminton
  • c)
    Wrestling
  • d)
    Archery
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
Nitesh Kumar won a historic gold medal in badminton at the Paralympics, competing in the men’s singles SL3 category. By defeating Great Britain’s Daniel Bethell, Kumar not only showcased his exceptional skill and tactical prowess but also contributed to India's dominance in para-badminton. This achievement follows Pramod Bhagat's significant win in 2016, highlighting a continuing legacy of excellence in the sport. Kumar's victory is particularly remarkable given his inspirational journey from aspiring to join the defence forces to becoming a Paralympic champion.

Who is recognized as one of the founding fathers of Tibetan Buddhism and is known for spreading the teachings of Lord Buddha in the Himalayan region?
  • a)
    Bodhidharma
  • b)
    Guru Padmasambhava
  • c)
    Nagarjuna
  • d)
    Shantideva
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
Guru Padmasambhava, also known as Guru Rinpoche, is revered as one of the founding figures of Tibetan Buddhism. He arrived in Tibet in 749 A.D. and played a crucial role in disseminating Buddhist teachings across various regions, including India and Nepal. His contributions are celebrated in Tibetan culture, where he is considered a pivotal figure in the establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. Interestingly, he is often associated with various legends and mystical tales that highlight his spiritual prowess and influence.

According to projections, what is India's expected domestic production of edible oil by 2030?
  • a)
    16 million tonnes
  • b)
    26.7 million tonnes
  • c)
    36.2 million tonnes
  • d)
    40 million tonnes
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
India's domestic production of edible oil is projected to reach 16 million tonnes by 2030. This projection is part of a broader strategy to enhance self-sufficiency in edible oil production, which currently sees a significant gap between demand and domestic output. Efforts to increase this production involve improved agricultural practices and technological advancements.

What is the primary reason for the decline in labor-intensive jobs in India over the past two decades?
  • a)
    Increase in agricultural employment
  • b)
    Growth of the services sector
  • c)
    Rise in low-skilled manufacturing
  • d)
    Expansion of traditional industries
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The decline in labor-intensive jobs in India can primarily be attributed to the growth of the services sector, particularly in fields like IT, banking, and finance. This shift has reduced the reliance on traditional industries, which are essential for low-skilled employment, leading to a significant gap between high-skilled and low-skilled job opportunities. Interestingly, while the services sector has expanded, it hasn't effectively absorbed the large segments of the workforce that traditional manufacturing used to employ.

What is the expected increase in milk procurement capacity of dairy cooperatives under White Revolution 2.0 by 2028-29?
  • a)
    From 660 lakh kg per day to 800 lakh kg per day
  • b)
    From 660 lakh kg per day to 1,007 lakh kg per day
  • c)
    From 700 lakh kg per day to 1,000 lakh kg per day
  • d)
    From 600 lakh kg per day to 1,200 lakh kg per day
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
White Revolution 2.0 aims to increase the milk procurement capacity of dairy cooperatives from 660 lakh kg per day in 2023-24 to 1,007 lakh kg by 2028-29. This initiative seeks to empower dairy farmers and expand the cooperative network into underserved regions. An interesting aspect of this revolution is its potential to create job opportunities and enhance the role of women in the dairy sector, contributing significantly to rural livelihoods.

What is one of the main challenges to coral reef regeneration identified in recent studies?
  • a)
    Increased water temperature
  • b)
    High levels of pollution
  • c)
    Dead coral skeletons obstructing new growth
  • d)
    Overfishing of herbivorous fish
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anisha Yadav answered
Challenges to Coral Reef Regeneration
Coral reefs are vital ecosystems that face numerous challenges, one of which is the obstruction of new growth by dead coral skeletons. This phenomenon significantly hampers the regeneration process.
Obstruction by Dead Coral Skeletons
- Coral reefs are made up of living coral polyps that build calcium carbonate structures. When these corals die, they leave behind skeletons that can accumulate over time.
- These dead skeletons can physically obstruct new coral growth by creating a dense layer that new polyps struggle to attach to.
- The lack of suitable substrate for larval corals to settle leads to reduced recruitment rates and, subsequently, lower coral population densities.
Impact on Ecosystem Health
- Dead coral skeletons can also affect other reef organisms. They may provide habitats for unwanted species, including algae and pathogens that can hinder the recovery of coral populations.
- Additionally, if the skeletons remain for extended periods, they can contribute to a shift in the ecological balance, favoring less desirable species over healthy coral.
Combined Challenges
- While increased water temperature and pollution also pose significant threats to coral reefs, the issue of dead coral skeletons specifically highlights the physical barriers to regeneration.
- Overfishing of herbivorous fish can exacerbate algal growth on dead coral, further complicating the recovery process by outcompeting new coral recruits.
In conclusion, the obstruction caused by dead coral skeletons represents a profound challenge to the natural regeneration of coral reefs, impacting their long-term sustainability and ecological health.

Who was Sakthan Thampuran, and what role did he play in the history of the Cochin kingdom?
  • a)
    A military leader who expanded the kingdom's territory
  • b)
    A ruler who established the modern education system
  • c)
    A significant ruler known for abolishing temple management by Yogiatirippads
  • d)
    A foreign diplomat who negotiated treaties with European powers
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aspire Academy answered
Sakthan Thampuran, originally named Raja Rama Varma IX, was a significant ruler of the Cochin kingdom from 1790 to 1805. He is known for abolishing the Yogiatirippads, which transferred temple management to the government, thereby centralizing authority and reducing corruption. His leadership also included strategic diplomatic relations with the Dutch and the British, which helped to stabilize the region. This move towards government control of temple management was pivotal in shaping the governance of the kingdom during his reign.

What was a significant consequence of the assassination of Hasan Nasrallah for Hezbollah?
  • a)
    It strengthened Hezbollah's military capabilities.
  • b)
    It reduced the operational effectiveness of Hezbollah's leadership.
  • c)
    It led to an immediate peace agreement with Israel.
  • d)
    It increased public support for Hezbollah in Lebanon.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The assassination of Hasan Nasrallah significantly reduced the operational effectiveness of Hezbollah's leadership. With Nasrallah's long-standing role as a unifying figure and military strategist, his death marked a turning point for the organization, disrupting command structures and decision-making processes. This loss was particularly impactful given that recent Israeli operations had already targeted and diminished Hezbollah's leadership council. The implications of such a leadership vacuum can lead to challenges in maintaining cohesive military responses and political strategies.

Which of the following is classified as a cognitive symptom of schizophrenia?
  • a)
    Hallucinations
  • b)
    Delusions
  • c)
    Difficulty concentrating
  • d)
    Lack of motivation
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia primarily affect mental processes such as attention, concentration, and memory. Difficulty concentrating is a key indicator of cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia. In contrast, hallucinations and delusions are categorized as psychotic symptoms, while lack of motivation falls under negative symptoms. Understanding these classifications helps in recognizing the diverse challenges faced by individuals with schizophrenia and tailoring appropriate interventions.

According to the findings, what trend has been observed regarding drought occurrences in India?
  • a)
    A decrease in drought events
  • b)
    A two-fold increase in drought events
  • c)
    No significant change in drought frequency
  • d)
    A four-fold increase in drought events
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
The study reveals that there has been a two-fold increase in drought events, both agricultural and meteorological, over recent decades. This trend indicates a significant shift in climate patterns, where previously vulnerable areas are now experiencing heightened drought conditions.

Why did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar advocate for separate electorates for the Scheduled Castes during the debate with Mahatma Gandhi?
  • a)
    To increase the political representation of upper-caste Hindus
  • b)
    To empower the Depressed Classes politically against systemic oppression
  • c)
    To promote the integration of lower castes into mainstream Hindu society
  • d)
    To align with British colonial policies
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar argued for separate electorates for the Scheduled Castes primarily to empower them politically and ensure they had a distinct voice in governance, which was crucial for combating systemic oppression faced within the Hindu social hierarchy. He believed that joint electorates would allow the Hindu majority to dominate the elections, thus jeopardizing the interests of the Depressed Classes. This argument was pivotal in the historical context of the Poona Pact, where the need for political representation and autonomy for marginalized communities was emphasized. An interesting fact is that despite his agreement to the Poona Pact, Ambedkar remained dissatisfied, as he felt it compromised the political autonomy of Dalit representatives.

Which treaty is recognized as the first legally binding international agreement to comprehensively ban nuclear weapons?
  • a)
    Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
  • b)
    Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)
  • c)
    Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)
  • d)
    Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), which became effective in 2021, is acknowledged as the first legally binding international agreement that comprehensively bans nuclear weapons. This treaty aims to eliminate nuclear arms and has garnered significant support, with many nations joining as parties or signatories, emphasizing a global commitment to disarmament.

Which of the following is a key feature of the BPaLM regimen introduced for treating Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?
  • a)
    It requires multiple hospital visits for treatment
  • b)
    It is an all-oral treatment with fewer pills
  • c)
    It involves a combination of injectable medications
  • d)
    It has a treatment duration of 24 months
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The BPaLM regimen is notable for being an all-oral treatment that includes fewer pills, making it easier for patients to adhere to the regimen. This innovative approach not only improves patient compliance but also significantly reduces the treatment duration compared to older methods, which often required a lengthy and cumbersome process.

What is a key factor contributing to the increased unpredictability of cyclones in the Indian Ocean?
  • a)
    Decreased sea temperatures
  • b)
    Enhanced monsoonal winds
  • c)
    Climate change and global warming
  • d)
    Improved weather forecasting techniques
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
Climate change and global warming are significant factors affecting cyclone unpredictability in the Indian Ocean. As ocean temperatures rise, they alter traditional weather patterns and increase the frequency of extreme weather events. This leads to less predictable cyclone behavior, making forecasting more challenging. Interestingly, the Indian Ocean's warming also impacts global ocean currents, which can have cascading effects on weather patterns worldwide.

What honor did Veer Abdul Hameed receive posthumously for his bravery?
  • a)
    Ashoka Chakra
  • b)
    Param Vir Chakra
  • c)
    Kirti Chakra
  • d)
    Sena Medal
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
Veer Abdul Hameed was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, which is India's highest military honor. He earned this award for his extraordinary bravery during the Battle of Asal Uttar in the 1965 India-Pakistan War, where he famously destroyed multiple enemy tanks. This recognition highlights not only his courage but also the valor exhibited by soldiers during critical military engagements. An additional fact is that a memorial, including a captured Patton tank, stands at the site of his valorous deeds, serving as an enduring tribute to his legacy.

What is the primary purpose of the IndiaAI Mission launched in 2023?
  • a)
    To establish a network of data centers across India
  • b)
    To procure graphics processing units (GPUs) for developing AI systems
  • c)
    To promote international cooperation in technology
  • d)
    To create economic zones for data centers
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The IndiaAI Mission was launched to enhance the computing capacity necessary for advanced AI development. By procuring graphics processing units (GPUs), the mission aims to provide essential resources to startups and research institutions, thereby fostering innovation in AI across various sectors, including healthcare and agriculture. An interesting fact is that the mission allocates a significant budget for building computing infrastructure, highlighting the Indian government's commitment to becoming a leader in AI technology.

What is the significance of the National Jute Board (NJB) in India?
  • a)
    It regulates the pricing of tea exports
  • b)
    It supports the jute sector through modernization and marketing
  • c)
    It focuses solely on cotton production
  • d)
    It manages the export of rice products
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sushil Kumar answered
The National Jute Board (NJB) plays a significant role in supporting the jute sector in India by promoting modernization, increasing productivity, and facilitating both domestic and international marketing of jute products. Founded under the National Jute Board Act, the NJB implements various initiatives to improve cultivation techniques and the diversification of jute products, ensuring the sector's sustainability and economic viability.

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