All questions of Additional General Knowledge for Year 5 Exam

In this case , the option (d) will absolutely be not correct because option d has 4 digit number and the question has asked the smallest 3 digit prime number so now , we have only three options left,and the question ask us to find the smallest prime number so of these, all are prime numbers so we will gonna see that which is the smallest prime number in these three options because question is saying that also so in these 3 options the option (a) will be correct

Subtraction of Numbers:
To solve the given problem, we need to subtract 19657 from 33994.

Calculation:
33994
- 19657
--------
14337
Therefore, 33994 - 19657 = 14337.

Final Answer:
999 = 63650 - 53760
Therefore, the correct answer is option A which is 63650.

What is the need of explanation here? yes it is celebrated on 31 May

Mauna loa in Hawaii is the largest volcano in the world

Lazy Personality of Sonika

Explanation:
Sonika is described as intelligent, but also as rather lazy. This means that she has the ability to think and understand complex ideas but lacks the motivation or willingness to put in the effort required to achieve her goals.

Possible reasons for her laziness could be lack of interest, fear of failure, or simply a lack of discipline. However, regardless of the cause, her laziness can have negative consequences for her personal and professional life.

Effects of Laziness:
1. Missed Opportunities: If Sonika is too lazy to pursue opportunities that come her way, she may miss out on chances to advance her career or personal life.

2. Poor Performance: Sonika's laziness can also lead to poor performance, especially if she does not put in the effort required to succeed in her endeavors.

3. Procrastination: Laziness can often lead to procrastination, which can result in missed deadlines and unfinished projects.

4. Lack of Productivity: Sonika's laziness can lead to a lack of productivity, which can negatively impact her professional and personal life.

5. Negative Reputation: If Sonika's laziness becomes known to others, it can negatively impact her reputation and relationships.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, while Sonika may be intelligent, her laziness can have negative consequences for her personal and professional life. It is important for her to recognize this and take steps to overcome her laziness, whether through developing discipline, finding strategies to stay motivated, or seeking help from others.

Analysis:
To find the country with the smallest population in 2010, we need to compare the population sizes of Denmark, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, and Luxembourg.
Population Comparison:
Here are the population sizes of each country in 2010:
A: Denmark - Population size unknown
B: The Netherlands - Population size unknown
C: Bulgaria - Population size unknown
D: Luxembourg - Population size unknown
Answer:
Based on the information provided, it is not possible to determine which country had the smallest population in 2010. The population sizes of Denmark, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, and Luxembourg are unknown, so we cannot make a comparison.

Why was Pluto renamed a dwarf planet rather than a planet?
Pluto was renamed a dwarf planet in 2006 due to several factors. The decision was made by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) after a lengthy debate and redefinition of the criteria for classifying celestial bodies.
Reasons for renaming Pluto as a dwarf planet:
- Small size: One of the main reasons for renaming Pluto was its small size. It was discovered that Pluto is significantly smaller than the other eight planets in our solar system. This led scientists to reconsider its classification as a full-fledged planet.
- Orbit: Another factor that played a role in reclassifying Pluto was its orbit. Pluto has a highly elliptical and inclined orbit, which is unlike the more circular and aligned orbits of the other planets. This unique orbit raised questions about its planetary status.
- Far distance: While distance alone was not the primary reason for Pluto's reclassification, its location in the outer regions of the solar system made it more susceptible to being reevaluated. The IAU wanted to establish a clear definition that could be applied to objects beyond Pluto as well.
- Cold temperature: Although Pluto's frigid temperatures were not the main factor in its reclassification, they were considered as part of the overall evaluation. Pluto's extremely cold environment, with temperatures averaging around -375 degrees Fahrenheit (-225 degrees Celsius), further highlighted its differences from the other planets.
In conclusion, Pluto's renaming as a dwarf planet was a result of its small size, unique orbit, far distance from the sun, and cold temperatures. These factors, among others, led to the redefinition of the criteria for classifying celestial bodies and ultimately the decision to classify Pluto as a dwarf planet.

Los Angeles

Answer:

Negotiations require sincerity from both parties involved in order to be successful. However, it is not enough for each side to be sincere individually; they must also have faith in the sincerity of the other side. This means that they believe the other party's sincerity is genuine and not just a facade. The correct answer is option 'A', faith.

Explanation:

Sincerity in Negotiations:
- Sincerity is the quality of being genuine, honest, and truthful in one's intentions and actions.
- In negotiations, sincerity is crucial as it establishes trust between the parties involved.
- When both sides are sincere, it creates an environment where they are willing to listen to each other, understand each other's perspectives, and work towards a mutually beneficial agreement.

Why Faith is Necessary:
- While sincerity is important, it is not enough on its own for negotiations to be successful.
- Faith in the sincerity of the other side is necessary because it allows both parties to have confidence in each other's actions and intentions.
- Without faith, one party may doubt the sincerity of the other and become hesitant or reluctant to make concessions or reach an agreement.
- Faith in the other side's sincerity helps to build trust and encourages cooperation and collaboration during negotiations.

Comparison with Other Options:
- Option 'B', belief, is similar to faith but does not capture the same level of trust and confidence. Faith implies a stronger conviction and trust in the sincerity of the other side.
- Option 'C', substance, refers to the quality of being real, valid, or meaningful. While substance is important in negotiations, it does not directly relate to the sincerity of the other side.
- Option 'D', certainty, refers to the state of being sure or confident. While certainty can be beneficial in negotiations, it does not specifically address the need for faith in the sincerity of the other side.

Conclusion:
In negotiations, sincerity is important, but it is not sufficient on its own. Both parties must also have faith in the sincerity of the other side. This faith allows for the establishment of trust, cooperation, and collaboration, which are essential for successful negotiations.

Located in Wat Traimit, a temple in Bangkok, the Golden Buddha is about five and a half tons of solid gold. Pious Buddhists describe this statue as reflecting the true nature of the Buddha, and visitors from all over the world come to marvel at the beauty of this ancient treasure.

The First Successful Diode and Triode Vacuum Tubes
The first successful diode and triode vacuum tubes were invented in the 1900s. Here is a detailed explanation:
Diode Vacuum Tube:
- A diode is a two-electrode device that allows electric current to flow in only one direction.
- The first successful diode vacuum tube, known as the Fleming valve, was invented by John Ambrose Fleming in 1904.
- The Fleming valve consisted of a heated filament (cathode) and a plate (anode) enclosed in an evacuated glass envelope.
- It was used as a rectifier, converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) by allowing current flow in only one direction.
Triode Vacuum Tube:
- A triode is a three-electrode device that can amplify and control electric current.
- The first successful triode vacuum tube, known as the Audion, was invented by Lee de Forest in 1906.
- The Audion tube consisted of a heated filament (cathode), a plate (anode), and a grid electrode.
- It was capable of amplifying weak electrical signals and became the foundation for modern electronic communication.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the first successful diode and triode vacuum tubes were invented in the 1900s. These inventions revolutionized the field of electronics and laid the groundwork for the development of various technologies, including radios, televisions, and computers.

Professor Amartya Sen is famous in the field of Economics.
- Amartya Sen is an Indian economist and philosopher.
- He has made significant contributions to the field of economics and is known for his work on welfare economics, development economics, and social choice theory.
- He has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory.
- His groundbreaking research focused on the causes of poverty, inequality, and famine, and he has advocated for policies to address these issues.
- He has also written extensively on topics such as ethics, political philosophy, and human rights.
- His influential books include "Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation," "Development as Freedom," and "The Idea of Justice."
- Amartya Sen has held numerous prestigious positions, including being a professor at Harvard University and the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.
- He continues to be an influential figure in the field of economics and is widely respected for his intellectual contributions.

Tokyo is the correct answer.

Explanation:
Tokyo is the capital city of Japan and the most populous metropolitan area in the country. It is also one of the most populous urban areas in the world. Here is a detailed explanation of why Tokyo is the correct answer:

1. Population: Tokyo metropolitan area is home to approximately 35.5 million people. This includes the 23 special wards of Tokyo as well as the surrounding cities and municipalities.

2. Size: Tokyo metropolitan area covers a vast area of approximately 2,187 square kilometers, making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world.

3. Economic Hub: Tokyo is not only the political and cultural center of Japan but also a major economic hub. It is home to numerous multinational corporations, financial institutions, and businesses. The city's economy is diverse and encompasses various industries such as finance, technology, manufacturing, and services.

4. Infrastructure: Tokyo has a highly developed infrastructure with an extensive transportation network, including an extensive subway system and efficient train lines. It is also well-connected internationally through its airports, including Haneda Airport and Narita International Airport.

5. Cultural Landmarks: Tokyo is known for its rich cultural heritage and offers a wide range of cultural landmarks and attractions. It is home to numerous historical sites, temples, and shrines, as well as modern landmarks such as the Tokyo Skytree and Tokyo Tower.

6. Education and Research: Tokyo is home to some of Japan's most prestigious universities and research institutions. These include the University of Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Keio University, among others. The city has a strong focus on education and research, attracting students and scholars from around the world.

In conclusion, Tokyo is the correct answer as it is the Japanese metropolitan area with a population of approximately 35.5 million people. It is a bustling economic, cultural, and educational center with a rich history and modern infrastructure.

What we see when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth:
- A solar eclipse: When the Moon moves directly between the Sun and the Earth, it casts a shadow on the Earth. This phenomenon is known as a solar eclipse. During a solar eclipse, the Moon appears to block out the Sun, either partially or completely, depending on the alignment.
- Partial solar eclipse: In a partial solar eclipse, the Moon only covers a part of the Sun, resulting in a crescent shape. This occurs when the Moon is not perfectly aligned with the Sun and Earth.
- Total solar eclipse: In a total solar eclipse, the Moon completely covers the Sun, resulting in a dark circle surrounded by the Sun's corona. This occurs when the Moon is perfectly aligned with the Sun and Earth, allowing the Moon to fully block the Sun's light.
- Path of totality: During a total solar eclipse, there is a narrow path on Earth where the Moon's shadow falls directly, creating a region of complete darkness. This path is known as the path of totality.
- Partial darkness: Outside the path of totality, observers may experience a partial solar eclipse, where the Sun appears partially covered by the Moon. This results in a decrease in brightness and a unique lighting effect.
- Special precautions: It is essential to take special precautions when observing a solar eclipse directly, as looking directly at the Sun can cause severe eye damage. Special eclipse glasses or solar filters should be used to protect the eyes during the event.
- Rare occurrence: Solar eclipses are relatively rare events and can only be observed from specific locations on Earth during specific times. They provide a unique and awe-inspiring spectacle for observers lucky enough to witness them.

Europe's newest country in 2006
Answer: B. Montenegro
Explanation:
In 2006, Europe's newest country was Montenegro. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- Montenegro was previously a part of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, which was formed after the breakup of Yugoslavia.
- Montenegro held a referendum on independence on May 21, 2006, to determine whether it would become an independent country.
- The referendum resulted in a majority vote in favor of independence.
Key Points:
- Montenegro officially declared independence from Serbia on June 3, 2006.
- This declaration marked the creation of the Republic of Montenegro as a sovereign state.
- Montenegro became the 192nd member state of the United Nations on June 28, 2006.
- The country adopted the euro as its official currency in 2002, even before it gained independence.
Significance:
- Montenegro's independence was a significant event in European history, as it marked the further fragmentation of the former Yugoslavia.
- It also demonstrated the desire for self-determination among the Montenegrin population.
Conclusion:
In 2006, Montenegro became Europe's newest country after declaring independence from Serbia. This marked a significant moment in the region's history and demonstrated the ongoing process of state formation in Europe.

The United Nations declared 1993 as a year of the indigenous people
Explanation:
The United Nations recognized the importance of promoting and protecting the rights of indigenous people by declaring 1993 as the year of the indigenous people. This declaration aimed to raise awareness about the unique challenges faced by indigenous communities and to promote their rights and well-being. Here are some key points to understand the significance of this declaration:
- Recognition of Indigenous People: The declaration acknowledged the existence and rights of indigenous people around the world. It emphasized the need to protect their cultural heritage, land rights, and traditional knowledge.
- Advocacy for Indigenous Rights: By designating a specific year, the United Nations aimed to draw attention to the issues faced by indigenous communities, such as discrimination, marginalization, and violations of their rights.
- International Cooperation: The declaration encouraged governments, organizations, and individuals to work together in supporting and promoting the rights of indigenous people. It called for cooperation at the national and international levels to address the challenges faced by indigenous communities.
- Awareness and Education: The year of the indigenous people provided an opportunity to educate the public about the rich cultural diversity and contributions of indigenous communities. It aimed to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding and respect.
- Policy Development: The declaration also prompted the development of policies and initiatives to address the specific needs and concerns of indigenous people. It called for the inclusion of indigenous perspectives and participation in decision-making processes.
Overall, the declaration of 1993 as the year of the indigenous people was a significant step towards recognizing and promoting the rights of indigenous communities worldwide. It aimed to raise awareness, foster cooperation, and advocate for the well-being of indigenous people, their cultures, and their lands.

The Inventor of Dynamite and Founder of International Prizes
Answer: D. Alfred Nobel
Explanation:
Alfred Nobel:
- Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor.
- He was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden.
- Nobel held 355 different patents, including those for explosives, synthetic rubber, and detonators.
- He is best known for inventing dynamite, which revolutionized the construction and mining industries.
Founding of International Prizes:
- In his will, Alfred Nobel left the majority of his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes.
- The prizes were to be awarded annually in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace.
- The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901, five years after Nobel's death.
- The prizes are considered to be among the most prestigious awards in the world and recognize significant contributions to humanity in various fields.
Legacy:
- Alfred Nobel's invention of dynamite had a profound impact on industries and infrastructure development.
- His establishment of the Nobel Prizes continues to promote advancements in science, literature, and peace.
- The Nobel Prizes have recognized numerous notable individuals and organizations for their exceptional contributions to society.
Conclusion:
- Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, also founded the international prizes that bear his name.
- His contributions to both science and humanitarian endeavors have had a lasting impact on the world.

**Mercury: The Smallest Planet in Our Solar System**

Mercury is the smallest planet in our Solar System. It is the planet closest to the Sun and is named after the Roman messenger god, Mercury. Let's explore why Mercury is considered the smallest planet:

**1. Size and Diameter:**

Mercury has a diameter of approximately 4,879 kilometers (3,032 miles). To put it into perspective, the diameter of Mercury is about 38% the size of Earth's diameter. Its small size makes it significantly smaller than the other planets in our Solar System.

**2. Mass:**

Mercury also has a relatively small mass compared to other planets. Its mass is about 0.055 times the mass of Earth. This means that Mercury is about 18% the mass of Earth. Its low mass contributes to its small size.

**3. Gravity:**

Due to its small size and mass, Mercury has a weaker gravitational pull compared to larger planets. The gravity on Mercury is about 38% the gravity on Earth's surface. This means that a person who weighs 100 pounds on Earth would weigh only about 38 pounds on Mercury.

**4. Surface Area:**

The small size of Mercury also affects its surface area. The surface area of Mercury is approximately 75 million square kilometers (29 million square miles), making it smaller than the surface area of many other planets in our Solar System.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, Mercury is the smallest planet in our Solar System due to its small size, diameter, mass, and surface area. Its proximity to the Sun and its unique characteristics make it a fascinating planet to study.

Answer:
Prophet Mohammed's birthday is celebrated as Id-e-Milad.
Explanation:
Id-e-Milad is the festival that is celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of Prophet Mohammed. It is also known as Mawlid or Mawlid al-Nabi al-Sharif.
Other festivals mentioned:
- Id-Ul-Zuha: This festival is also known as Eid al-Adha or Bakrid. It is celebrated to honor the willingness of Prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God.
- Id-Ul-Fitr: This festival marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. It is a celebration of breaking the fast and is known as the "Festival of Breaking the Fast."
- Muharram: This is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is a month of mourning, particularly for Shia Muslims, as it commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, the grandson of Prophet Mohammed.
To summarize, Prophet Mohammed's birthday is celebrated as Id-e-Milad.

The first Indian to receive Noble Prize in Literature was Rabindranath Tagore.
Rabindranath Tagore, a renowned poet, playwright, and philosopher, became the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. He was awarded this prestigious honor for his collection of poems called "Gitanjali," which means "Song Offerings." Here are the reasons why Rabindranath Tagore received the Nobel Prize in Literature:
1. Gitanjali: Tagore's collection of poems, Gitanjali, made a significant impact on the literary world. It showcased his profound philosophical thoughts and lyrical expressions, touching the hearts of readers worldwide.
2. Universal themes: Tagore's work explored universal themes such as love, nature, spirituality, and the human condition. His poetry resonated with people from different cultures and languages, making him a global literary figure.
3. Contribution to literature: Tagore's literary contributions extended beyond poetry. He also wrote novels, short stories, plays, and essays, all of which demonstrated his versatile writing skills and deep understanding of human emotions.
4. Cultural ambassador: Tagore played a crucial role in bridging the gap between Indian and Western cultures. His work introduced Indian literature and philosophy to a global audience, promoting cultural exchange and understanding.
5. Legacy: Rabindranath Tagore's influence on Indian literature and culture is immense. His literary works continue to inspire generations of writers, poets, and artists in India and abroad.
In conclusion, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his outstanding literary contributions, particularly his collection of poems, Gitanjali. His works continue to leave a lasting impact on the literary world and serve as a testament to his genius and creativity.

George Bernard Shaw:
- George Bernard Shaw was a renowned dramatist and playwright.
- He was not Welsh, Scottish, or English.
- He was Irish.
- Shaw was born on July 26, 1856, in Dublin, Ireland.
- He is considered one of Ireland's greatest literary figures.
- Shaw's works often addressed social and political issues, and he was known for his wit and satire.
- Some of his most famous plays include "Pygmalion," "Man and Superman," and "Saint Joan."
- Shaw was a co-founder of the London School of Economics and Political Science.
- He was also involved in politics and was a supporter of women's rights and socialism.
- Shaw received numerous awards and honors during his lifetime, including the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925.
- He passed away on November 2, 1950, at the age of 94 in Ayot St Lawrence, Hertfordshire, England, where he had lived for many years.
- Despite living in England, Shaw always identified himself as Irish.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B: an Irishman.

The International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (1981-1990)
The International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation was observed from 1981 to 1990. This decade-long initiative aimed to bring global attention to the importance of access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities.
Reason for the Decade
The main reason for observing this decade was to address the significant challenges faced by many countries in providing safe drinking water and adequate sanitation to their populations. Lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities can have severe consequences for public health, leading to the spread of diseases and compromising overall well-being.
Goals and Objectives
During the International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, the following goals and objectives were set:
1. Increase awareness: The decade aimed to raise awareness about the importance of clean drinking water and sanitation, highlighting the impact on health, education, and overall development.
2. Promote access: Efforts were made to improve access to clean water and sanitation facilities, especially in low-income and marginalized communities.
3. Capacity building: The decade focused on building the capacity of governments, organizations, and communities to develop and maintain sustainable water supply and sanitation systems.
4. Collaboration: International cooperation and partnerships were encouraged to mobilize resources, share knowledge, and support countries in achieving their water and sanitation goals.
Outcomes and Impact
The International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation had several significant outcomes and impacts:
1. Policy development: The decade played a crucial role in shaping international policies and frameworks related to water and sanitation, leading to the recognition of access to clean water and sanitation as a human right.
2. Infrastructure development: Many countries made substantial investments in water and sanitation infrastructure, improving access to clean water sources and sanitation facilities for millions of people.
3. Health improvements: Access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities directly contributed to reducing waterborne diseases and improving public health outcomes.
4. Community empowerment: Communities were actively involved in decision-making processes and the implementation of water and sanitation projects, leading to increased ownership and sustainability.
5. Sustainable development: The focus on sustainability led to the development of innovative approaches and technologies for water and sanitation management, promoting long-term solutions.
Conclusion
The International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (1981-1990) played a crucial role in raising awareness, improving access, and promoting sustainable practices in the field of water supply and sanitation. The outcomes and impacts of this initiative continue to shape global efforts towards achieving universal access to clean water and sanitation, contributing to the overall well-being and development of communities worldwide.

Answer:
A. Nageshwara Rao is associated with the field of Motion Pictures.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
A. Nageshwara Rao is a well-known figure in the Indian film industry. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest actors in Telugu cinema and has made significant contributions to the field of motion pictures.
Explanation:
To determine the field associated with A. Nageshwara Rao, we need to analyze the given options:
1. Sports: There is no evidence or information to suggest that A. Nageshwara Rao is associated with sports. Hence, this option can be ruled out.
2. Literature: While A. Nageshwara Rao may have contributed to the literary world through scripts and dialogues in movies, his primary association is with motion pictures rather than literature. Therefore, this option can be ruled out as well.
3. Motion Pictures: This is the correct answer. A. Nageshwara Rao is widely recognized for his work in the field of motion pictures, particularly in Telugu cinema. He has acted in numerous films and has been a prominent figure in the industry for several decades.
4. Politics: There is no evidence to suggest that A. Nageshwara Rao has any association with politics. This option can be ruled out.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. Motion Pictures.

Aachan Maharaj has distinguished himself in the field of Dance.
Explanation:
- Aachan Maharaj is renowned for his exceptional skills and contributions in the field of dance.
- He belongs to the Maharaj family, which is known for its rich legacy in Kathak dance.
- Aachan Maharaj is the son and disciple of the legendary Kathak dancer, Acchan Maharaj, and the nephew of Birju Maharaj.
- He has received rigorous training in the Kathak dance form under the guidance of his father and uncle.
- Aachan Maharaj has performed extensively both nationally and internationally, mesmerizing audiences with his graceful movements and expressive storytelling through dance.
- He has won several prestigious awards and accolades for his contributions to the field of dance, including the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.
- Aachan Maharaj's performances are known for their impeccable technique, intricate footwork, and emotional depth.
- He has also been involved in teaching and passing on the legacy of Kathak to future generations, nurturing young talents in the art form.
- Aachan Maharaj's dedication and mastery in dance have made him a respected figure in the dance community, and his contributions have enriched the world of Kathak.

Establishment of Pulitzer Prize:
- The Pulitzer Prize was established in the year 1917.
- It was established by provisions in the will of American newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer.
- Joseph Pulitzer is known for his bequest to Columbia University, which established the Pulitzer Prizes.
- The prizes were intended to recognize and reward excellence in American journalism, literature, and musical composition.
- The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded in 1917, and they have been awarded annually ever since.
- The prizes are awarded by Columbia University on the recommendation of various juries and boards.
- The Pulitzer Prize has become one of the most prestigious awards in the United States, recognizing exceptional achievements in journalism, literature, drama, and music.
- The categories for the Pulitzer Prize have evolved over time, reflecting changes in media and the arts.
- Today, the Pulitzer Prize recognizes excellence in 21 categories, including reporting, commentary, fiction, history, biography, and music composition.
Conclusion:
The Pulitzer Prize was established in 1917 and has been awarded annually since then to recognize excellence in journalism, literature, and musical composition.

Understanding the Correct Answer: "beside"
When considering the sentence "I hate sitting ...... him as he always smells of garlic," the correct preposition is "beside." Let's break down the options to understand why "beside" is the best choice.
Options Explained
- Besides:
- This word means "in addition to" or "other than." It does not fit the context of physically sitting next to someone.
- Along:
- "Along" typically refers to moving in a line or a direction, such as walking along a path. It does not convey the idea of being positioned next to someone.
- At:
- "At" refers to a specific point or location. While it can imply proximity, it does not specifically indicate being next to someone.
- Beside:
- "Beside" means "next to" or "alongside." This is the most appropriate choice for indicating physical proximity in a seating arrangement.
Conclusion
In the context of the sentence, you want to express that you are physically sitting next to someone (the person who smells of garlic). Therefore, "beside" is the only option that accurately conveys this meaning.
By choosing "beside," the sentence clearly communicates the discomfort of being next to someone due to their odor, making it the correct answer.

Jude Felix is a famous Indian player in the field of hockey.
Here are some key points about Jude Felix:
- Jude Felix is a former Indian hockey player and a renowned coach.
- He was born on 22 March 1964 in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
- Jude Felix began his international hockey career in the late 1980s and represented the Indian national team for over a decade.
- He was known for his exceptional skills as a midfielder and played a crucial role in many victories for the Indian team.
- Jude Felix participated in several international tournaments, including the Olympics, Asian Games, and Champions Trophy.
- He was a part of the Indian team that won the gold medal at the 1986 Asian Games in Seoul, South Korea.
- After retiring from playing, Jude Felix shifted his focus to coaching and has been actively involved in nurturing young talent in India.
- He has served as the coach of the Indian junior hockey team and has also worked as the coach of the Malaysian national team.
- Jude Felix's dedication and contribution to the sport have earned him immense respect and recognition in the field of hockey.
In conclusion, Jude Felix is a famous Indian player who has made significant contributions to the field of hockey both as a player and as a coach. His skills and achievements have left a lasting impact on Indian hockey.

The first game produced by the Southern Novelty Company in Baltimore, Maryland in 1892 was the Ouija board.
Details:
- The Southern Novelty Company, based in Baltimore, Maryland, released the Ouija board in 1892.
- The Ouija board is a board game that is used to communicate with spirits or the supernatural.
- It gained popularity as a parlor game in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- The Ouija board consists of a flat board with letters, numbers, and other symbols printed on it. It also includes a movable pointer or planchette.
- Players place their fingers on the planchette and ask questions. The planchette then moves across the board to spell out answers supposedly guided by spirits.
- It was initially marketed as a game that could provide entertainment and a means of communicating with the spirit world.
- The name "Ouija" is said to come from the combination of the French and German words for "yes" (oui and ja).
- The Ouija board has remained popular throughout the years and has become a cultural icon associated with mysticism and the supernatural.
In summary, the first game produced by the Southern Novelty Company in Baltimore, Maryland in 1892 was the Ouija board. It gained popularity as a parlor game and is still widely recognized today.

Introduction:
The Manhattan Project was a top-secret research project during World War II, led by the United States, with the aim of developing the first atomic bomb. President Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated the project in 1942 to ensure that the U.S. could beat the Germans in developing this powerful weapon.
Scientific Head of the Manhattan Project:
The person appointed as the scientific head of the Manhattan Project by President Roosevelt was Robert Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer was a theoretical physicist and had made significant contributions to the field of quantum mechanics.
Explanation:
The Manhattan Project required a strong scientific leader who could oversee the research and development of the atomic bomb. Roosevelt appointed Oppenheimer for this crucial role due to his extensive knowledge and expertise in physics. Oppenheimer played a central role in the scientific aspects of the project, including the design and testing of the bomb.
Other Options:
While Oppenheimer was the scientific head of the Manhattan Project, it is important to note that there were other key figures involved in the project as well. These include:
- James B. Conant: Conant was a chemist and the chairman of the National Defense Research Committee. Although he played a significant role in the project, he was not appointed as the scientific head.
- Leslie R. Groves: Groves was a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers officer and was appointed as the director of the Manhattan Project. While he had a crucial role in managing the project, he was not the scientific head.
- Vannevar Bush: Bush was an engineer and science administrator who played a significant role in the overall coordination and management of the project. However, he was not appointed as the scientific head.
Conclusion:
President Roosevelt appointed Robert Oppenheimer as the scientific head of the Manhattan Project due to his expertise in physics and his ability to lead the research and development of the atomic bomb. Oppenheimer's leadership was instrumental in the successful development and testing of the bomb, ultimately leading to the U.S. beating the Germans in the race to create this devastating weapon.

Benjamin Franklin is known for his numerous inventions and contributions to various fields. One of his most notable inventions is the bifocal spectacles. Here's a detailed explanation:
Bifocal Spectacles:
- Benjamin Franklin invented bifocal spectacles in 1784.
- Bifocals are eyeglasses that have two different optical powers in the same lens. The upper part of the lens is used for distance vision, while the lower part is used for near vision.
- Franklin came up with the idea of bifocals to address his own presbyopia, a condition where the ability to focus on nearby objects decreases with age.
- He designed his own glasses by cutting the lenses of two different spectacles in half and then combining them into a single frame.
- Franklin's invention of bifocals revolutionized the eyewear industry and continues to benefit people with both distance and near vision problems.
Other Inventions:
Although bifocal spectacles are his most well-known invention, Benjamin Franklin also made significant contributions in various other fields. Some of his notable inventions and discoveries include:
- Lightning Rod: Franklin invented the lightning rod, a device used to protect buildings and structures from lightning strikes. His experiments with electricity led to the discovery of positive and negative charges.
- Franklin Stove: He designed an efficient and safer heating stove called the Franklin stove. It provided more heat while using less fuel compared to traditional stoves.
- Glass Armonica: Franklin invented the glass armonica, a musical instrument made of glass bowls or goblets mounted on a spindle. It produced ethereal sounds by rubbing the rims of the glasses with moistened fingers.
- Flexible Urinary Catheter: Franklin developed a flexible urinary catheter made of metal wires enclosed in a tube. This invention helped to improve medical procedures for patients with urinary problems.
Overall, Benjamin Franklin's inventions and contributions have had a significant impact on various fields, from eyewear to electricity and music. His innovative ideas and practical solutions continue to inspire and benefit people to this day.

Dr. M. S. Swaminathan has distinguished himself in the field of Agriculture.
Explanation:
- Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is an Indian geneticist and agricultural scientist who is known as the "Father of the Green Revolution" in India.
- He has made significant contributions to the field of agriculture and food security in India and globally.
- Dr. Swaminathan played a crucial role in introducing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, which led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity in India.
- He has worked extensively in the area of plant genetics and breeding, focusing on developing crop varieties that are resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses.
- Dr. Swaminathan has also emphasized the importance of sustainable agriculture and the need to protect natural resources for future generations.
- He has been involved in policy-making and advisory roles related to agriculture and food security at national and international levels.
- Dr. Swaminathan's work has been recognized globally, and he has received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to agriculture and rural development.
- Overall, Dr. M. S. Swaminathan's distinguished career and contributions have had a significant impact on agricultural practices and food security, making him a prominent figure in the field of agriculture.

Ustad Nisar Hussain Khan earned distinction in the field of Vocal Music.
Explanation:
- Ustad Nisar Hussain Khan was a renowned Indian classical vocalist.
- He belonged to the Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana, a prominent school of Hindustani classical music.
- Ustad Nisar Hussain Khan was known for his exceptional skill and mastery in singing.
- He had a powerful and melodious voice, and his performances were highly appreciated by audiences and critics alike.
- Ustad Nisar Hussain Khan received several accolades and awards for his contributions to the field of vocal music.
- He trained numerous students and passed on his knowledge and expertise to the next generation of musicians.
- His contribution to Indian classical music has left a lasting impact on the art form.
- Ustad Nisar Hussain Khan's dedication and talent in the field of vocal music have earned him a distinct place in the history of Indian classical music.

European Countries with a Population over 1 million in 2010:
- Malta: Malta had a population of approximately 417,000 in 2010, which is less than 1 million. Therefore, it does not meet the criteria.
- Luxembourg: Luxembourg had a population of approximately 502,000 in 2010, which is less than 1 million. Therefore, it does not meet the criteria.
- Macedonia: Macedonia, also known as North Macedonia, had a population of approximately 2.07 million in 2010, which is over 1 million. Therefore, it meets the criteria.
- Iceland: Iceland had a population of approximately 318,000 in 2010, which is less than 1 million. Therefore, it does not meet the criteria.
Based on the information provided, the European country with a population over 1 million in 2010 is Macedonia (North Macedonia).

Author of 'We the people'
- The author of the famous book 'We the people' is Nani Palkhivala.
- 'We the people' is a collection of essays on constitutional law, politics, and governance in India.
- Nani Palkhivala was an eminent Indian jurist, economist, and diplomat.
- He was known for his expertise in constitutional law and his contributions to public policy and governance in India.
- Palkhivala served as the Ambassador of India to the United States from 1977 to 1979.
- He was also a prominent advocate and argued several important cases before the Supreme Court of India.
- Palkhivala's book 'We the people' is considered a significant work in the field of constitutional law and provides insights into the Indian political and legal system.
- The book delves into the interpretation of the Indian Constitution and the role of the judiciary in upholding democratic principles.
- Palkhivala's writing style is known for its clarity and depth of analysis, making 'We the people' a valuable resource for students, scholars, and anyone interested in understanding Indian governance and constitutional law.

Stonehenge: A Set of Huge Stones as an Early Calendar
Introduction:
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in Wiltshire, England. It consists of a ring of large standing stones arranged in a circular pattern. This iconic structure is believed to have been constructed between 3000 and 2000 BCE, making it over 4,000 years old. One of the main theories surrounding Stonehenge is that it was created as an early calendar due to its alignment with celestial events.
Alignment with Celestial Events:
1. Summer Solstice: Stonehenge is aligned with the sunrise on the summer solstice, the longest day of the year. The Heel Stone, located outside the main circle, is positioned to line up with the rising sun on this significant day.
2. Winter Solstice: Similarly, Stonehenge aligns with the sunset on the winter solstice, the shortest day of the year. The stones frame the setting sun, providing a captivating spectacle.
3. Lunar Observations: The axis of Stonehenge is also aligned with the moon. The monument's architects carefully positioned some of the stones to mark the moon's position at different times throughout its 18.6-year cycle.
Functions as an Early Calendar:
1. Seasonal Markers: The alignment with the summer and winter solstices indicates the changing of seasons, allowing ancient people to track time and plan agricultural activities accordingly.
2. Lunar Calendar: Stonehenge's alignment with the moon's position suggests its use in tracking lunar cycles, which could have been crucial for religious or ceremonial purposes.
3. Astronomical Observations: The precise alignment of Stonehenge with celestial events indicates its use as an observatory or a means to study the stars and planets.
Conclusion:
Stonehenge's alignment with celestial events and its precise construction indicate its potential use as an early calendar. This remarkable prehistoric monument continues to fascinate and intrigue visitors, providing insights into the ancient people's knowledge of astronomy and their ability to create such monumental structures.

World Population Day is observed on July 11 every year. It is a global observance that seeks to raise awareness about the importance of population issues and the impact of overpopulation on various aspects of life. Here is a detailed explanation of World Population Day:
1. Purpose:
- The main purpose of World Population Day is to draw attention to the urgent need for action to address population-related issues such as family planning, reproductive health, gender equality, and sustainable development.
- It aims to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with population growth and advocate for policies and programs that promote the well-being of individuals and societies.
2. History:
- World Population Day was established by the United Nations in 1989 to mark the day when the world's population reached 5 billion people.
- It was first observed on July 11, 1990, and has been celebrated annually since then.
3. Themes:
- Each year, World Population Day focuses on a specific theme related to population issues. The themes vary from year to year and cover a wide range of topics such as reproductive rights, youth empowerment, sustainable development goals, and the impact of population growth on the environment.
4. Activities:
- On World Population Day, various activities are organized worldwide to raise awareness and promote dialogue on population-related issues.
- These activities include seminars, workshops, conferences, exhibitions, film screenings, and campaigns aimed at educating individuals and communities about the importance of population management and its impact on social and economic development.
5. Global Impact:
- The observance of World Population Day plays a crucial role in fostering global collaboration and cooperation to address population challenges.
- It provides an opportunity for governments, organizations, and individuals to come together and share knowledge, experiences, and best practices in order to find sustainable solutions to population issues.
In conclusion, World Population Day is observed on July 11 every year to raise awareness and promote action on population-related issues. It serves as a platform for advocacy, education, and collaboration towards achieving a sustainable future for all.

Books by Vikram Seth:
A Suitable Boy:
- "A Suitable Boy" is a novel written by Vikram Seth.
- It was published in 1993 and is one of Seth's most famous works.
- The book is set in post-independence India and follows the story of four families.
- It explores various themes such as love, marriage, and politics.
- "A Suitable Boy" is known for its extensive length, with over 1,400 pages.
Other Options:
- "My God Died Young" is a book written by Jeanne Chandelle, not Vikram Seth.
- "Islamic Bomb" is a book written by Steve Weissman, not Vikram Seth.
- "Look Back in Anger" is a play written by John Osborne, not Vikram Seth.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: A Suitable Boy.

Saraswathi Samman is given annually for outstanding contribution to Literature.
The Saraswathi Samman is an esteemed literary award presented annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation, a philanthropic organization in India. It is given to individuals who have made exceptional contributions to the field of literature. Here are the details:
1. Purpose of the award:
The Saraswathi Samman aims to recognize and honor writers who have made significant contributions to Indian literature and enriched the literary heritage of the country.
2. Selection process:
The award is decided by a jury comprising eminent literary figures, scholars, and experts in the field. They carefully evaluate the works of various authors and select the recipient based on the quality and impact of their literary contributions.
3. Criteria for eligibility:
To be eligible for the Saraswathi Samman, the author's work must be in any of the 22 official languages recognized in the Indian Constitution. The work should be published and available in print.
4. Nature of the award:
The award consists of a cash prize, a citation, and a plaque. The monetary value of the prize may vary each year.
5. Previous recipients:
Since its inception in 1991, the Saraswathi Samman has been awarded to several renowned authors from different parts of India. Some notable recipients include Mahasweta Devi, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Jayanta Mahapatra, and Perumal Murugan.
6. Impact of the award:
The Saraswathi Samman plays a crucial role in promoting Indian literature and recognizing the efforts of talented writers. It helps in creating awareness about the richness and diversity of Indian literary traditions.
Conclusion
The Saraswathi Samman is an annual award that acknowledges exceptional contributions to the field of literature. It celebrates the literary achievements of Indian authors and serves as a platform to honor their valuable contributions to the cultural fabric of the nation.

Life Expectancy in Japan in 2010:
- In 2010, Japan had the longest life expectancy in the world.
- Life expectancy refers to the average number of years a person is expected to live.
- Japanese people had the highest life expectancy compared to other countries.
The Correct Answer:
- The correct answer is C: 81 years.
- Most Japanese people could expect to live up to 81 years on average in 2010.
Explanation:
- The average life expectancy in Japan in 2010 was 81 years.
- This means that Japanese people, on average, could expect to live up to 81 years.
- Factors such as healthcare, lifestyle, diet, and genetics contribute to the high life expectancy in Japan.
- The Japanese population has a low smoking rate, a healthy diet rich in fish and vegetables, and access to high-quality healthcare services.
- These factors contribute to a longer life expectancy for the Japanese population.
Other Options:
- Option A: 72 years - This is incorrect. The life expectancy in Japan in 2010 was higher than 72 years.
- Option B: 88 years - This is incorrect. Although the life expectancy in Japan is high, it was not as high as 88 years in 2010.
- Option D: 76 years - This is incorrect. The life expectancy in Japan in 2010 was higher than 76 years.

California Furniture Designer Charles Prior Hall and His Invention of the Waterbed
Introduction:
In 1968, California furniture designer Charles Prior Hall invented the waterbed, a unique and innovative furniture item that revolutionized the concept of sleeping and relaxation.
Background:
Charles Prior Hall was a designer and graduate of San Francisco State University. He was inspired to create the waterbed after experiencing the discomfort of a traditional mattress and seeking a solution that would provide better support and comfort.
The Invention of the Waterbed:
Here is a detailed explanation of how Charles Prior Hall invented the waterbed:
1. Conceptualization: Hall came up with the idea of using water as a medium to provide support and minimize pressure points on the body while sleeping.
2. Prototype Development: He created several prototypes, experimenting with different materials and designs to achieve the optimal balance of comfort and stability.
3. Final Design: Hall's final design consisted of a vinyl water-filled mattress that was placed within a sturdy frame. The mattress was equipped with temperature control and a wave-reducing mechanism to minimize movement.
4. Introduction to the Market: In 1968, Charles Prior Hall introduced the waterbed to the market under the name "The Pleasure Pit." Initially, it gained popularity among the counterculture movement and gradually expanded into mainstream consumer acceptance.
5. Evolving Designs: Over time, waterbed designs evolved to include various features such as baffles, fiber-filled inserts, and different types of mattresses to cater to different preferences and needs.
Impact and Legacy:
The invention of the waterbed had a significant impact on the furniture industry and sleeping habits of people worldwide. Here are some key points:
1. Comfort and Support: Waterbeds provided a unique level of comfort and support, relieving pressure points and promoting better sleep.
2. Health Benefits: Waterbeds were touted for their potential health benefits, such as alleviating back pain and reducing the risk of bedsores.
3. Popularity and Cultural Influence: Waterbeds became a symbol of the 1970s and were associated with the free-spirited and unconventional lifestyle of that era.
4. Evolution and Adaptation: Although the popularity of waterbeds declined in the late 20th century, the concept of using water as a support system has influenced the development of other mattress technologies, such as memory foam mattresses.
Conclusion:
Charles Prior Hall's invention of the waterbed in 1968 revolutionized the concept of sleeping and relaxation. His innovative design and use of water as a medium for support and comfort left a lasting impact on the furniture industry and sleeping habits of people worldwide. The waterbed continues to be remembered as a unique and influential furniture item in the history of design and comfort.

Who declared that his ultimate aim was to wipe 'every tear from every eye'?
The correct answer is C: Jawaharlal Nehru.
Explanation:
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, declared his ultimate aim to wipe 'every tear from every eye'. This statement reflects his vision and commitment to the welfare and upliftment of the people of India. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Jawaharlal Nehru served as the Prime Minister of India from 1947 until his death in 1964. He was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and played a crucial role in shaping the nation's policies and development.
- Nehru was deeply committed to the welfare of the people and believed in the idea of a socialist society. He emphasized the eradication of poverty, inequality, and social injustice.
- One of his famous quotes, "I have often said that I am proud of the fact that I am an Indian, that I am one of the inheritors of a great civilization, that I am part of the movement of our people which has struggled for many years and is still struggling to wipe every tear from every eye."
- Nehru's vision included the promotion of education, healthcare, and social reforms to uplift the marginalized sections of society. He believed in creating opportunities for all and ensuring equal rights and opportunities for every citizen.
- Nehru's policies also focused on industrialization and infrastructure development, aiming to create a strong and self-reliant nation.
In conclusion, Jawaharlal Nehru, as the first Prime Minister of India, declared his ultimate aim to wipe 'every tear from every eye'. His vision and commitment to the welfare of the people shaped India's policies and development in the early years of independence.

Who perfected GENETIC ENGINEERING?
Answer: A. Cohen & Boyer
Genetic engineering is a field of biotechnology that involves manipulating the DNA of organisms to create desired traits or produce specific products. The technique was first developed by researchers in the 1970s. Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
1. Cohen & Boyer:
- Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer are credited with perfecting genetic engineering.
- In 1973, Cohen and Boyer successfully inserted a specific gene into a bacterium, which marked the first successful recombinant DNA experiment.
- Their breakthrough involved using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites and then using DNA ligase to join the cut fragments with foreign DNA.
- This technique, known as recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering, revolutionized the field of biotechnology and paved the way for numerous advancements.
2. Hunt & Davids, Sinclair & Roberts, Jaysson & Simons:
- Hunt & Davids, Sinclair & Roberts, and Jaysson & Simons are not associated with the perfection of genetic engineering.
- These names are not commonly recognized in the history of genetic engineering.
In conclusion, Cohen & Boyer are the scientists who perfected genetic engineering through their groundbreaking work in the 1970s. Their contributions have had a profound impact on the field of biotechnology and continue to shape advancements in genetic engineering today.