All questions of Internal Security of India for UPSC CSE Exam

Establishment of CRPF
The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) was established in 1964. Here’s a detailed explanation of its formation and significance:

Background
- The CRPF was formed to ensure the security and integrity of the nation and to assist the state and central governments in maintaining law and order.
- It emerged from the need to have a dedicated force that could handle internal security challenges, especially during a time of increasing civil unrest and regional conflicts.

Historical Context
- Prior to the establishment of CRPF, the Central Reserve Police Act was enacted in December 1949, but the force itself was formally constituted in 1964.
- The CRPF's formation was a response to the growing demands for a structured and organized paramilitary force to address various internal security issues.

Functions and Responsibilities
- The CRPF plays a crucial role in anti-Naxal operations, counter-terrorism, riot control, and disaster management.
- It is also deployed for various duties such as election security, VIP protection, and maintaining law and order during emergencies.

Significance
- As the largest paramilitary force in India, the CRPF is essential in safeguarding the country’s unity and sovereignty.
- It has earned a reputation for courage and commitment, often operating in challenging and hostile environments.
In summary, the CRPF, established in 1964, serves as a vital component of India's internal security apparatus, adapting to the evolving challenges faced by the nation.

National Cyber Security Policy in India
The National Cyber Security Policy (NCSP) was launched in India in 2013, marking a significant step towards enhancing the nation's cybersecurity framework. This policy aimed to create a secure and resilient cyberspace for individuals, businesses, and the government.
Key Objectives of the Policy:
- Protection of Cyber Space: The primary goal is to protect information, data, and infrastructure from cyber threats and attacks.
- Creating a Secure Environment: The policy aims to foster a secure environment for users and ensure that cybersecurity measures are integrated into national development.
- Capacity Building: It emphasizes on building a skilled workforce capable of tackling cyber threats and enhancing the country’s cybersecurity capabilities.
- Public-Private Partnership: Encouraging collaboration between the government and private sector to improve cybersecurity measures and share best practices.
Implementation Framework:
- National Cyber Security Coordinator: The establishment of a dedicated coordinator to oversee and implement the policy effectively.
- Cyber Security Framework: Development of a framework to address various aspects of cybersecurity, including prevention, response, and recovery from cyber incidents.
Importance of the Policy:
- Strategic Importance: With the increasing reliance on digital platforms, the NCSP plays a crucial role in safeguarding national security.
- Promoting Awareness: The policy also aims to promote awareness about cyber threats among citizens and encourage responsible online behavior.
In summary, the National Cyber Security Policy of 2013 represents India's commitment to enhancing its cybersecurity posture, protecting critical infrastructure, and promoting safe internet usage.

Location of CIJWS
The Counterinsurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJWS) is indeed located in Vairengte, Mizoram. This institution plays a crucial role in training military personnel for operations in challenging environments.
Purpose of CIJWS
- The CIJWS was established to prepare armed forces for counterinsurgency operations, particularly in jungle warfare.
- It provides specialized training that focuses on tactics and strategies suitable for dense forest terrains, which are common in northeastern India.
Significance of Mizoram
- Mizoram's geographical features, including its hilly and forested landscape, make it an ideal location for such training.
- The state has experienced insurgency issues, making the training provided at CIJWS directly relevant to the local context.
Training Programs
- CIJWS conducts various training programs that encompass both theoretical knowledge and practical exercises.
- Trainees learn about navigation, survival skills, and combat strategies that are tailored to the complexities of jungle warfare.
Conclusion
In summary, the CIJWS located in Vairengte, Mizoram, is integral for preparing military personnel for effective counterinsurgency operations in jungle environments. Its location and training programs are pivotal in addressing the unique challenges posed by such terrains.

Overview of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967
The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA) is a crucial legislative framework for maintaining internal security in India. It aims to combat terrorism and other unlawful activities threatening the sovereignty and integrity of the nation.
Key Provisions of the UAPA
- Empowers the Government to Ban Organizations
The UAPA allows the Indian government to designate and ban organizations that are involved in activities promoting terrorism or supporting insurgency. This is a preventive measure to curb extremist influences.
- Establishment of Special Courts
The Act provides for the establishment of special courts to ensure the speedy trial of cases related to terrorism and unlawful activities. This provision aims to expedite justice and reduce delays in the judicial process, which is critical in terrorism-related cases.
- Interception and Monitoring of Communication
Under UAPA, the government is authorized to intercept and monitor communications for national security purposes. This provision is vital for gathering intelligence and preventing terrorist activities by tracking communications that may pose a threat.
Conclusion
In summary, the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, encompasses comprehensive measures to address terrorism and safeguard national security. The correct answer, option 'D', is valid as it encapsulates all the significant aspects of the Act, highlighting its role in empowering the government, facilitating special courts, and allowing communication monitoring.

Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) Overview
The Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) is a paramilitary force of India, primarily tasked with guarding specific borders and ensuring national security.
Responsibilities of SSB
- The SSB is specifically responsible for guarding the borders with Nepal and Bhutan.
- It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and security of these open borders, which allow free movement of people.
Significance of Border Security
- Nepal and Bhutan share a unique relationship with India, characterized by open borders that facilitate trade, cultural exchange, and travel.
- However, this openness also necessitates vigilant monitoring to prevent illegal activities such as smuggling and cross-border crime.
Comparison with Other Forces
- Other paramilitary forces in India have distinct responsibilities:
- Border Security Force (BSF): Primarily guards borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh.
- Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP): Responsible for guarding the borders with China.
Conclusion
In summary, the Sashastra Seema Bal's mandate is focused on the borders with Nepal and Bhutan, ensuring safety while facilitating the free movement that characterizes these regions. Understanding this distinction is crucial for anyone preparing for competitive exams like SSC MTS or SSC GD.

Introduction
The National Investigation Agency (NIA) was established as a response to increasing terrorism and national security threats in India. Its formation is directly linked to a significant terrorist attack that shook the nation.
Background of the NIA
- The NIA was established in 2009 through the National Investigation Agency Act.
- The formation was primarily a reaction to the Mumbai terror attacks that occurred on November 26, 2008.
Reasons for Establishment
- The Mumbai terror attacks were one of the deadliest terrorist incidents in India, leading to widespread devastation and loss of life.
- The attacks highlighted the inadequacies in India’s counter-terrorism framework and the need for a centralized agency to tackle terrorism effectively.
Objectives of the NIA
- The NIA was created to investigate and prosecute offenses affecting the sovereignty, integrity, and security of the nation.
- It aims to combat terrorism and various organized crimes, including human trafficking, drug trafficking, and cybercrimes.
Significance of the NIA
- The agency has been instrumental in bringing various terrorist organizations to justice.
- It works in collaboration with state police forces and other agencies, enhancing the overall security apparatus of the country.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the NIA was established as a direct consequence of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, aimed at strengthening India's fight against terrorism and safeguarding its national security.