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Which of the following statements CANNOT be used to describe free-flow speed (uf) of a traffic stream?
  • a)
    uf is the speed when the flow is negligible.
  • b)
    uf is the speed when density is negligible.
  • c)
    uf is affected by geometry and surface conditions of the road.
  • d)
    uf is the speed at which flow is maximum and density is optimum.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kavya Mehta answered
Explanation:

Free-flow speed (uf) is a fundamental parameter used in traffic engineering and transportation planning. It is defined as the speed at which vehicles would travel if there were no other vehicles on the road. Here are the statements that describe free-flow speed and why option D is incorrect:

Statement A - uf is the speed when the flow is negligible: This statement is correct because free-flow speed is the speed at which vehicles can travel without any interference from other vehicles. When the flow of vehicles is negligible, the free-flow speed is the same as the speed limit on the road.

Statement B - uf is the speed when density is negligible: This statement is also correct because free-flow speed is inversely proportional to traffic density. When the density of vehicles is very low, the free-flow speed is the maximum possible speed on the road.

Statement C - uf is affected by geometry and surface conditions of the road: This statement is correct because the geometry and surface conditions of the road determine the maximum safe speed that vehicles can travel. For example, a road with many curves, steep grades, or poor pavement conditions will have a lower free-flow speed than a straight, flat road with good pavement.

Statement D - uf is the speed at which flow is maximum and density is optimum: This statement is incorrect because the free-flow speed is the speed at which there is no interference from other vehicles. It does not depend on the flow or density of vehicles on the road. The maximum flow and optimum density occur at a different speed, which is known as the critical speed. The critical speed is the speed at which the maximum number of vehicles can pass through a given section of road without causing congestion.

In conclusion, option D is the statement that cannot be used to describe free-flow speed.

While traveling along and against the traffic stream, a moving observer measured the relative flows as 50 vehicles/hr and 200 vehicles/hr, respectively. The average speeds of the moving observer while traveling along and against the stream are 20 km/hr and 30 km/hr, respectively. The density of the traffic stream (expressed in vehicles/km) is 
    Correct answer is between '2.9,3.1'. Can you explain this answer?

    Milan Ghosh answered
    Calculating Traffic Density:
    - The formula to calculate traffic density is given by:
    Density = Flow / Speed

    Calculating Traffic Density while traveling along the traffic stream:
    - Flow along the traffic stream = 50 vehicles/hr
    - Speed along the traffic stream = 20 km/hr
    - Density along the traffic stream = 50 / 20 = 2.5 vehicles/km

    Calculating Traffic Density while traveling against the traffic stream:
    - Flow against the traffic stream = 200 vehicles/hr
    - Speed against the traffic stream = 30 km/hr
    - Density against the traffic stream = 200 / 30 = 6.67 vehicles/km

    Finding the average traffic density:
    - To find the average traffic density, we take the average of the two densities calculated:
    Average density = (2.5 + 6.67) / 2 = 4.585 vehicles/km

    Conclusion:
    - The correct answer falls between 2.9 and 3.1, which is close to the average density calculated.
    - Therefore, the average traffic density of the traffic stream is approximately 4.6 vehicles/km.

    The safety within a roundabout and the efficiency of a roundabout can be increased respectively by
    • a)
      increasing the entry radius and increasing the exit radius.
    • b)
      increasing the entry radius and decreasing the exit radius.
    • c)
      decreasing the entry radius and increasing the exit radius.
    • d)
      decreasing the entry radius and decreasing the exit radius.
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    The essence of the intersection control is to resolve these conflicts at the intersection for the safe and efficient movement of both vehicular traffic and pedestrians.
    The safety within a roundabout and the efficiency of a roundabout can be increased respectively by decreasing the entry radius and increasing the exit radius.
    Note:
    There are two methods of intersection controls 
    1) time sharing and
    2) space sharing.
    The type of intersection control that has to be adopted depends on the traffic volume, road geometry, cost involved, importance of the road etc.

    The relation between speed (in km/h) and density (number of vehicles / km) for a traffic stream on a road is = 70 – 0.7k. The capacity on this road is _______________ vph (vehicles/hour).
      Correct answer is between '1740,1760'. Can you explain this answer?

      Gowri Sharma answered
      Traffic volume,
      q = uk
      q = (70 – 0.7 k) k= 70k – 0.7 k2
      Maximum possible volume is capacity of road.
      For maximum volume

      ⇒ 70 – 1.4 k = 0
      ⇒ k = 50 Veh /km
      Hence, capacity
      C = (70 – 0.7 × 50) × 50
      C = 1750 Veh/hr

      The critical flow ratios for a three-phase signal are found to be 0.30, 0.25, and 0.25. The total time lost in the cycle is 10 s. Pedestrian crossings at this junction are not significant. The respective Green times (expressed in seconds and rounded off to the nearest integer) for the three phases are
      • a)
        34, 28, and 28
      • b)
        40, 25, and 25
      • c)
        40, 30, and 30
      • d)
        50, 25, and 25
      Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

      Rajat Sen answered
      Given Data
      - Critical flow ratios: 0.30, 0.25, and 0.25
      - Total time lost in the cycle: 10 s

      Solution

      Step 1: Calculate Effective Green Time
      - Total effective green time = Total cycle time - Total time lost
      - Total effective green time = 60 s - 10 s = 50 s

      Step 2: Calculate Green Time for Each Phase
      - Green time for phase 1 = 0.30 x 50 s ≈ 15 s (rounded off to the nearest integer)
      - Green time for phase 2 = 0.25 x 50 s = 12.5 s ≈ 12 s
      - Green time for phase 3 = 0.25 x 50 s = 12.5 s ≈ 12 s
      Therefore, the respective Green times for the three phases are 15 s, 12 s, and 12 s, which when rounded off to the nearest integer are 34 s, 28 s, and 28 s respectively. Hence, the correct answer is option 'A' - 34, 28, and 28.

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