All questions of Local Self-Government Rural Local Institutions for Class 9 Exam

The Gram Panchayat is the lowest level of the Panchayati Raj system.

Managing national defense is not a function of Panchayati Raj institutions.

Citizens can express their grievances by filing cases in special courts like Lok Adalat.

Elimination of Open Defecation and Waste Management
The main goal of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in rural areas is to eliminate open defecation and promote better waste management practices. This initiative aims to improve sanitation and hygiene standards in rural communities to ensure a clean and healthy environment for all residents.

Key Objectives
- Build and promote the use of toilets in households to prevent open defecation.
- Create awareness about the importance of proper sanitation and hygiene practices.
- Implement solid and liquid waste management systems to effectively manage waste in rural areas.
- Encourage behavioral changes to promote cleanliness and reduce environmental pollution.

Impact
By achieving the goal of eliminating open defecation and managing waste in rural areas, the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan aims to improve the overall health and well-being of communities. This initiative also contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing pollution and promoting cleanliness in rural areas. Additionally, better sanitation facilities can help prevent diseases and improve the quality of life for residents.

Understanding Urban Transition in India
In India, areas transitioning from rural to urban status are governed by specific local bodies designed to manage these changes effectively. The correct answer is:
City Council (Nagar Panchayat)
Role of Nagar Panchayat
- Definition: A Nagar Panchayat is a local government body specifically established for areas that are at the brink of urbanization. These areas have some urban characteristics but still retain a rural nature.
- Governance: Nagar Panchayats are responsible for the administration and development of these transitioning areas. They manage local infrastructure, sanitation, public health, and other essential services to facilitate urban growth.
Comparison with Other Bodies
- Municipal Corporation:
- Governs larger urban areas and cities.
- Responsible for more developed urban centers, unlike Nagar Panchayats.
- Zila Parishad:
- A district-level rural governance body.
- Primarily focuses on rural areas rather than those transitioning to urban status.
- Gram Panchayat:
- Functions at the village level.
- Deals with purely rural governance and does not oversee urban transition.
Conclusion
In summary, the Nagar Panchayat plays a crucial role in managing the governance of areas transitioning from rural to urban in India. It ensures that these regions develop appropriately while addressing the needs of growing populations and urban infrastructure.

Introduction to the 74th Amendment
The 74th Amendment to the Constitution of India, enacted in 1992, specifically addresses urban local self-governing bodies. It is a significant step towards decentralizing power and enhancing democratic governance at the local level.
Key Features of the 74th Amendment
- Establishment of Urban Local Bodies: The amendment provides for the establishment of three types of urban local bodies: Municipalities, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations, depending on the size and needs of the urban area.
- Elections and Representation: It mandates the holding of regular elections for these bodies, ensuring that local governance is accountable and representative of the people.
- Composition and Structure: The amendment outlines the composition of these bodies, including provisions for the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women, promoting inclusivity in urban governance.
- Powers and Responsibilities: The 74th Amendment empowers urban local bodies to prepare their own budgets, implement development plans, and manage various civic services, thus enhancing their role in local governance.
Importance of the 74th Amendment
- Empowerment of Local Governance: By establishing a constitutional framework for urban local bodies, the amendment empowers citizens to participate in governance at the grassroots level.
- Improvement in Urban Management: It facilitates better planning and management of urban areas, addressing issues like infrastructure, sanitation, and housing more effectively.
- Encouragement of Democratic Values: The amendment promotes democratic values by encouraging local participation and decision-making, fostering a sense of community ownership.
In conclusion, the 74th Amendment plays a crucial role in strengthening urban governance in India, ensuring that cities are managed efficiently and democratically.

Providing clean drinking water is an obligatory function of urban local bodies.

Members of the Zila Parishad are elected for a term of 5 years.

The Municipal Corporation is responsible for collecting and disposing of garbage, among other functions, in big cities.

The members of the Gram Panchayat are elected by the Gram Sabha.

The primary purpose of local self-government is to solve local problems and provide basic amenities to the people of a village, town, or city.

The Patwari is responsible for maintaining land records at the village level.

The Tehsildar supervises the work of Patwaris and manages land disputes.

The Panchayati Raj system operates at the rural level.

The Gram Sabha prepares the village budget, supervises the Gram Panchayat, and plays an essential role in the local governance process.